P1: Brain Anatomy

Question 1

What does this statement mean and is it true? ontogeny recapitulates(mirrors) phylogeny (ORP):

Answer 1

evolution worked by adding new stages to the end of an organism’s development.

This is not true bc. they may resemble the embryos of its ancestors but don’t recapitulate the forms of its adult ancestors. At a certain point, the stages in the development of a human embryo deviate from those of other mammals.

Question 2

Into what did the subdivisions of the brain develop?(neural tube)
forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

Answer 2

forebrain: telencephalon, diencephalon
midbrain: mesencephalon
hindbrain: metencephalon, myelencephalon

Question 3

How are the structures of the brainstem hierarchically organized and what do they do?

Answer 3

midbrain: Routing + filtering information
pons: neural pathways and tracks: basic bodily functions
medulla oblangata: Autonomic functions

Question 4

What does which lobe do?

Answer 4

Frontal Lobe: higher-order cognition
Parietal Lobe: Motor + body perception
Occipital Lobe: Vision + Color perception
Temporal Lobe: Hearing + Understand language + hippocampus: short to longterm memory

Question 5

Where are Broca and Wernicke’s area located and what happens when each of them is lesioned?

Answer 5

Broca’s: more rostral: broken speech

Wernicke’s: more caudal: problems with understanding

Question 6

What is the limbic system and what does it consist of?

Answer 6

limbic system / paleomammalian cortex, is a set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, immediately beneath the medial temporal lobe of the cerebrum primarily in the midbrain. Main function: regulation emotions and motivation. and also fight/flight and sexual behavior.

amygdala: emotional part of the brain
thalamus: main relay station
hypothalamus: regulating the endocrine system(hormones).
hippocampus: forming and storing memory: short to long-term
fornix: gate/output tract of the hippocampus to rest of the brain
cingulate gyrus: regulate pain + emotion

Question 7

What brain structures belong to which region?

Answer 7

telencephalon: cerebrum: hyppocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia
diencephalon: hypothalamus: and thalamus
mesencephalon: colliculi superrior/inferrior: basic visual/auditory information processing
metencephalon: cerebellum, pons
myelencephalon