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Physics > P1 6 Electromagnetic Waves > Flashcards

P1 6 Electromagnetic Waves Flashcards

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0
Q

What does the energy the wave transfers depend on?

A

Its wavelength

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1
Q

What are electromagnetic waves?

A

Electric and magnetic disturbances that transfer energy from one place to another (can travel through a vacuum)

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2
Q

What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A 
Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared radiation
Visible light
Ultra violet
X-ray
Gamma rays
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3
Q

What speed do all electromagnetic waves travel at?

A

300 million m/s

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4
Q

What is the formula for calculating the speed of a wave?

A

Speed = frequency x wavelength

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5
Q

What happens to the frequency as the wavelength shortens?

A

It increases

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6
Q

How does frequency link with energy?

A

The higher frequency the more energy.

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7
Q

What is a kilohertz and megahertz equal to?

A

Kilo- 1000

Mega- 1000000

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8
Q

What is light from ordinary lamps and the sun known as?

A

White light

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9
Q

Why is it known as white light?

A

It has all the colours of the visible spectrum

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10
Q

Which has a longer wavelength?red or violet?

A

Red

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11
Q

What is done to light in a film camera?

A

Light is focused by the camera lens onto a light-sensitive film.
The film is then developed to see the objects that have been photographed.

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12
Q

What is done to light in a digital camera?

A

Light is focussed by the lens on to a sensor which has lots of tiny light sensitive cells called pics. These are dots in images.
The image is seen on a small screen at the back of the camera.
When the photograph is taken, it is stored electronically on a memory card.

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13
Q

What do all objects emit?

A

Infra red radiation

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14
Q

Infra red radiation is absorbed by the skin. What can it cause?

A

Damages and kills skin cells because they get heated.

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15
Q

State some infra red devices and why they use infra red.

A

Optical fibres in communications systems: it is absorbed less than light in the glass fibres
Remote control: transmit signals
Infrared scanners: to detect ‘hot spots’
Infrared cameras: to see people and animals in the dark

16
Q

State some microwave devices and why they use microwaves.

A

Communications: can pass through atmosphere
Mobile phone signals and beam signals: doesnt diffract much
Heating food: agitates water molecules

17
Q

State some radiowave devices and why they use radiowaves.

A

Connection from computers to devices: have a wide frequency range

18
Q

Give an example of a use for each wave.

A 
Radio - tv signals
Microwaves - heating food
Infrared - remote controls
Visible light - cameras
Ultraviolet - detect forgery, kill pathogens
X-ray - security
Gamma - sterilise, kills cancerous cells
19
Q

The shorter the wavelength of the wave?

A

The more information they carry
The shorter their range
The less they diffract and spread out

20
Q

What are microwaves used for in communications?

A

Satellite TV and TV links and broadcasting because they can they can travel between satellites in space and the ground and spread less so signal isn’t weakened as much.

21
Q

What are microwaves less than a metre used for?

A

Tv broadcasting and masts as they carry more information than longer ones.

22
Q

What are radiowaves from a metre to 100m used for?

A

Local radio stations and emergency services as the range is limited to the area around its transmitter.

23
Q

What are radio waves more than 100m used for?

A

National and international radio stations as they have a much longer range.

24
Q

How does a mobile phone signal work?

A

It sends a radio signal which is picked up by the nearest phone Nast and is sent through the phone network to the other phone. The returning is the signal goes back through the network to the mast neatest to you.

25
Q

What are optical fibres?

A

Thin glass fibres.

26
Q

What are optical fibres used for?

A

Transmit signals by light and infrared.

27
Q

How do optical fibres work?

A

The light cannot escape from the fibre so is reflected back from the surface into the fibre.

28
Q

Why are optical fibre communications better than radio and microwaves?

A

They carry much more information

They are more secure as all signals stay inside

29
Q

How do radio communications work?

A

The waves are emitted from an aerial when we apply an alternating voltage. These frequencies are the same. When these waves pass across a receiver aerial they cause a tiny alternating voltage in the aerial. These frequencies are the same. The alternating voltages cause the loudspeaker to send out wves.

30
Q

Explain the Doppler effect.

A

As the object making the sound moves towards a person, a higher frequency is heard due to the waves being squashed together and creating a shorter wavelength.
As it moves away a lower frequency is created as they are further apart and longer wavelength.

31
Q

What does a spectrum of a star consist of?

A

Dark lines called absorption lines. This is where light is absorbed

32
Q

What does red shift and blue shift tell us?

A

Read shift means that the lines are moving towards the red end. It means the wave length is stretched and is moving away from us. The faster a galaxy or star is moving the bigger the shift. Vise versa for blue shift.

33
Q

What is the Big Bang theory?

A

A theory which explains the beginning of the universe.

34
Q

How did the Big Bang start?

A

From a massive explosion from a very small initial point.

35
Q

What three things were created in the big bang?

A

Space
Time
Matter

36
Q

What has been happening ever since the Big Bang?

A

The universe has been expanding.

37
Q

What other thing is being created by the Big Bang?

A

Cosmic microwave background radiation

38
Q

What is cosmic microwave background radiation?

A

A high energy gamma radiation created after the Big Bang. It has been stretched ever since and is now microwaves.

Physics (8 decks)

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