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Physics > P1 5 Waves > Flashcards

P1 5 Waves Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the two different types of waves?

A

Mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves

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1
Q

What can we use waves for?

A

To transfer information and transfer energy.

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2
Q

What are mechanical waves? Give an example for this.

A

They are waves that need a medium to travel through such as sound waves and water waves.

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3
Q

What are electromagnetic waves? Give an example for this.

A

They are waves which can travel through a vacuum therefore no medium is needed. For example light waves and radio waves.

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4
Q

What speed do all electromagnetic waves travel at?

A

300000 kilometres per second

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5
Q

What do vibrations in transverse waves travel like?

A

They are perpendicular to the direction in which the wave transfers energy.

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6
Q

What do vibrations in a longitudinal travel in?

A

They travel parallel to the direction in which the waves are travelling.

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7
Q

What are compressions and rare fractions in a longitudinal wave? How do they relate to the air particles surrounding the vibrations?

A

Compressions are places in the wave squashed together.
Rare fractions are places in the wave further apart.
P

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8
Q

What are all electromagnetic waves?

A

Transverse waves

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9
Q

Give an example of a longitudinal wave.

A

Sound waves

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10
Q

What are the two categories of a mechanical wave?

A

Longitudinal and transverse.

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11
Q

Why do we need to measure waves?

A

To find out how much energy or information they carry.

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12
Q

What is the top of a wave called?

A

Crest or peak

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13
Q

What is the bottom of a wave called?

A

Troughs

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14
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave?

A

The height of the wave crest or the depth of the awe trough from the middle.

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15
Q

What is the wave’s position at rest?

A

The middle of it

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16
Q

If the amplitude increases what happens to the energy carried by the waves?

A

It increases too.

17
Q

What is the wavelength of a wave?

A

The distance from one wave crest to the next.

18
Q

What is the frequency if a wave?

A

The number of wave crests passing a fixed point every second.

19
Q

What is the unit of frequency?

A

Hertz (Hz)

20
Q

What are straight waves called?

A

Plane waves

21
Q

What are the properties of plane waves?

A

They move at the same speed and keep the same disgrace apart.

22
Q

What is the wave speed?

A

The distance travelled by a wave crest or a wave trough every second.

23
Q

What does the wave speed depend on?

A

The frequency and wavelength.

24
Q

What is the equation to find the wave speed?

A

Wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m)

25
Q

What is the wave equation in symbols?

A

V = f x (lamda sign)

26
Q

What is the perpendicular line to the mirror called?

A

The normal.

27
Q

What is the angle of incidence?

A

The angle between the incident ray and the normal.

28
Q

What is the angle of reflection?

A

The angle between the reflected ray and the normal.

29
Q

What does the law of reflection state?

A
  • The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
  • The image is virtual.
  • The image is laterally inverted.
30
Q

What is refraction?

A

The change of direction of waves when they travel across a different medium.

31
Q

Are waves slower or faster on shallow water?

A

Slower

32
Q

What happens when the waves are not parallel to the boundary?

A

They change direction.

33
Q

When is the wave drawn towards the normal?

A

When it crosses form deep to shallow

34
Q

What is the wave drawn away from the normal?

A

When it crosses from shallow to deep.

35
Q

How does the angle of defection change?

A

When a wave changes direction towards the normal, then the angle of refraction is smaller than the angle of incidence and vice versa.

36
Q

What does white light contain?

A

All the colours of the spectrum

37
Q

What is diffraction?

A

The spreading out of waves when they pass through a gap or past the edges of an obstacle.

38
Q

The narrower the gap…?

A

The more the waves spread out.

39
Q

The wider the gap…?

A

The less the waves are spread out.

40
Q

Can all waves be diffracted? Both longitudinal and transverse? Why is diffraction in light not very distinct?

A

Yes, light waves have very small and narrow wavelengths therefore they need very small gaps in order to diffract?

41
Q

What will happen when radio waves aren’t diffracted well over a hill?

A

There will be poor reception.

Physics (8 decks)

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