P1

Question 1

Vibrate

Answer 1

The movement of particles back and forth around a fixed position

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

The movement of molecules (particles) from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 3

Pressure

Answer 3

This is caused by the force of many particles colliding with the inside of their container

Question 4

Volume

Answer 4

The amount of space something occupies (the volume of a gas is always the same as the volume of its container)

Question 5

Temperature

Answer 5

How hot or cold something is. It is connected to how much kinetic energy the particles have

Question 6

Inversely proportional

Answer 6

As one variable increases the other decreases. If x and y were inversely proportional, then y is directly proportional to 1/x

Question 7

Expansion

Answer 7

An increase in volume

Question 8

Contraction

Answer 8

A decrease in volume

Question 9

Mass

Answer 9

How much matter is in something. It is measured in kg.

Question 10

Density

Answer 10

Mass of something divided by its volume

Question 11

Eureka can

Answer 11

A piece of equipment that helps to measure the volume of irregulary shaped objects

Question 12

Kinetic theory of matter

Answer 12

everything is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules. The way these particles are arranged determines whether something is a solid, liquid or gas. In a solid the particles are arranged in tightly packed rows; there are strong forces/bonds holding the particles next to one other. The particles vibrate. In a liquid the particles are still close together, but they are not aranged in rows; the forces/bonds between them are weaker and allow them to move. In a gas there are no forces between particles and they are free to move randomly in all directions.

Question 13

Use the kinetic theory to explain evaporation

Answer 13

The particles on the surface absorb energy from its surroundings and move faster. They are then able to break the attractive bonds with neighboring particles and escape as vapor during evaporation.

Question 14

Use the kinetic theory to explain dissolving

Answer 14

The different particles get mixed together, and the smaller particles fill the gaps between larger particles.

Question 15

Unit of measurment for pressure

Answer 15

Pa or kPa

Question 16

Relationship between pressure and volume

Answer 16

They are inversely proportional

Question 17

Boyle’s law

Answer 17

for the a fixed mass (amount) of gas at a constant temeprature the pressure mulptiplied by the volume will give you a fixed number (a constant). Pressure x Volume = a constant (PV=k)

Question 18

Thermal expansion

Answer 18

As temperature rises, particles vibrate more. This means that on average the space between each particle gets bigger. Overall the volume of the material gets larger. (The particles themselves do not change size). Gases expand the most, and solids expand the least.

Question 19

Disadvantages of thermal expansion

Answer 19

train tracks - the train tracks could expand and become deformed.

Question 20

Advantages of thermal expansion

Answer 20

in thermometers - the mercury or alcohol in them expands as the temperature rises and contracts when it falls. This amount of expansion could be measured by a scale on the side.

Question 21

Equation for density

Answer 21

Density = mass/volume p=m/V

Question 22

Bonds (strong or weak)

Answer 22

The “ties” that hold the particles near one another

Question 23

Brownian motion

Answer 23

The random movement of particles (e.g pollen) floating in a liquid or gas. Caused by being struck continuously by the particles of the liquid or gas.

Question 24

Evaporation

Answer 24

Change of state from liquid to as. Note that this can happen at any temperatrue unlike boiling which only happens at a substance’s boiling point