P1

Question 1

Example of waves that go through substances

Answer 1

Seismic waves

Question 2

Example of waves that don’t have to got through substances (medium)

Answer 2

Electro magnetic radiation

Question 3

The bigger the ………. The more energy the wave has.

Answer 3

Amplitude

Question 4

Frequency x wave length = ?

Answer 4

Wave speed

Question 5

Type of wave that

• travels through solids and liquids
• has longitude waves
• is the fastest

Answer 5

Primary waves

Longitude waves

Question 6

Type of waves that

• only travels through solid objects
• slowest wave
• transverse wave

Answer 6

Secondary wave

Transverse waves

Question 7

What are the two ways of measuring the distance to a star?

Answer 7

• Parallax (only less than 400light yrs)

- Standard candles

Question 8

List 3 parallax pro’s

Answer 8

• quite accurate
• can do it from earth
• not to expensive

Question 9

List 2 parallax con’s

Answer 9

• have to wait 6 months

- can only measure distances smaller that 400 light yrs

Question 10

What are standard candles?

Answer 10

Stars of fixed brightness

Question 11

How do we use standard candles to find the distance to stars?

Answer 11

By comparing the relative brightness of other stars to standard candles we can calculate the distance

Question 12

What are the pro’s (1) an con’s (3) of standard candles

Answer 12

Pros
- can measure distances larger than 400 light yrs
Cons
- not as accurate
- does not work with all stars
- needs special equipment

Question 13

How does the sun get its energy?

Answer 13

By nuclear fusion

Question 14

What is nuclear fusion?

Answer 14

Nuclear fusion is when atomic nuclei join together due to the high pressure in the sun because it is so hot.

Question 15

What do waves transfer?

Answer 15

Energy

Question 16

List the three problems with Alfred Wedgner’s theory of continental drift

Answer 16

• no mechanism
• he was a meteorlogist
• there what’s no evidence
• already had simpler theories explaining some of his evidence

Question 17

What is the mechanism for continental drift?

Answer 17

Radioactive decay generated in the earths core causes general convection currents in the mantle.

Question 18

How often does the earths magnetic field reverse and what is the evidence of this?

Answer 18

Every few hundred thousand yrs ( billion). Evidence = formations of rocks and where the particles are.

Question 19

What is real and relative brightness?

Answer 19

Used to describe light of stars.
Real brightness is it true brightness. And relative brightness is what we see depending on how close it is to earth. Real and relative brightness are used in standard candles.

Question 20

How an we work out the structure of the earth using seismic waves?

Answer 20

By measuring the time it take for a seismic wave to travel across the earth from an earthquake. This is because seismic waves speed up and change directions when they enter denser regions. Also, p-waves are longitude and can pass through the earths core when s-waves can’t. This means the earths core must be liquid.

Question 21

What are the characteristics of a longitude wave (a p-wave)?

Answer 21

Particles vibrate along the direction of motion of a wave 〰 🌊
🏄= surfer is a particle traveling along(itude) a wave

Question 22

What is a transverse wave (s-wave)?

Answer 22

The particles travel at a right angle to the direction of motion of the wave
| | | || | | | | || | | |

Question 23

Name 6 objects in our solar system.

Answer 23

Asteroids, comets, stars, planets, moons, dwarf planets

Question 24

Name the 8 planets from heaviest to lightest.

Answer 24

Jupiter, Satern, Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury

Jsunevmm
JuSt U NEVer Mind Mercury.

Question 25

List the 8 planet from largest orbit to smallest orbit around the sun.

Answer 25

Neptune, Uranus, saturn, Jupiter, Mars, earth, Venus, mercury.

Nusjmevm
No U SJMelly Very Murcury

Question 26

How fast does light travel?

Answer 26

300 000 km/s of 3.0 x 10to the 5

Question 27

Where does the sun get it’s energy from?

Answer 27

Fusion of hydrogen

Question 28

All elements are from helium and hydrogen. How do we have so many more elements now?

Answer 28

Hydrogen forced together at high temperatures makes helium.
Big enough stars are dense enough to use fusion to make helium into other heavier materials such as iron.
The heaviest elements come from exploding stars.

Question 29

What is nuclear fusion

Answer 29

Nuclei are crushed together to form new elements, releasing energy.

Question 30

What is nuclear fission?

Answer 30

The breaking down of heavy nuclei into lighter ones, releasing energy.

Question 31

Why is it difficult to predict the fate of the universe.

Answer 31

1) can only see the parts of the universe that emit radiation.
2) precise measurement of the speed and distance of galaxies is difficult because their radiation travels such a long way to get to us.

Question 32

What is red shift?

Answer 32

The increase of wavelength from a galaxy moving away from earth.

Question 33

The further away from earth a galaxy is …

Answer 33

The faster it is moving away from us

Question 34

What is sedimentation?

Answer 34

The erosion or rocks strand ported by water wind and ice and deposited on sea and river beds. Slowly building up to form sedimentary rock.

Question 35

What is sea floor spreading?

Answer 35

Constructive plate margins = continents moving apart few cm a yr

This is deaf loot spreading.

Question 36

What are the characteristics of a wave, what would you label on a diagram?

Answer 36

Amplitude, wavelength, frequency, speed.