P1(2) Flashcards
What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table?
Periods
What are the vertical columns in the periodic table?
Groups
What are isotopes ?
Atoms of the same elements with the same protons and electrons but different neutrons
What is the ph of acid and alkali?
Acid- below 7
Alkali-above 7
Give 3 points about the history of the periodic table
Democritus came up with the idea that everything is made up of atoms
JJ Thompson came up with the fact all atoms contained electrons
Rutherford helped discover that electrons are around the nucleus
What is the name of the chemical reaction between alkalis and acids ?
Neutralisation
What happens if the metal is more reactive ?
There will be a more vigorous reaction , a metal that is below hydrogen will not react with dilute acids
How do you separate different solids from a solution?
Use chromatography
Why are alkali metals stored in oil?
To stop them reacting with oxygen in the atmosphere , soft, float in water
What do group 1 metals react with to produce hydrogen gas ?
Water
What are covalent bonding ?
Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share pairs of electrons , form molecules
What is metallic bonding?
Metals that delocalise electrons
Equation for number of moles
Mass/ RAM or RFM
The more reactive the metal..
The more stable the compound
Why’s magnesium more reactive than copper?
Magnesium is more reactive than copper because it gives up electrons more easily
How do you extract and purify using carbon?
Use all metals below carbon to do so
What colour does alkalis and acids make litmus paper go?
Alkali- blue
Acid- red
What makes alkalis alkaline?
All alkaline solutions contain hydroxide ions, more OH- ions in a solution the more alkaline it will be
What is the difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions ?
Endothermic - absorption of heat
Exothermic- release of heat
Define redox reactions
Reaction in which there is a transfer of electrons from one chemical species to another
Equation for acids + base and acids + metal
Both form salts
Define electrolysis
chemical decomposition produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or solution
What is OILRIG?
Oxidation is loss , Reduction is gain
What is brine?
Salt water
What is the solution used to conduct electricity?
Electrolyte
Why does the solution of salts in water conduct electricity in electrolysis ?
Ions can move