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Physics > P1 > Flashcards

P1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The energy due to motion

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2
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

The energy stored in a stretched object

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3
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy required to raise 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

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4
Q

What is the conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred

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5
Q

What is a system?

A

Object or group of objects

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6
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

Energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field

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7
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

Energy due to beat

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8
Q

What is power?

A

The rate of energy transfer

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9
Q

What is wasted energy?

A

Energy transferred into a form that is not the desired outcome

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10
Q

What are the different thermal energy transfers?

A

Conduction and convection

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11
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

The measure of how well a material conducts energy when it is heated

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12
Q

Why are metals good at conduction?

A

Metals have delocalised electrons

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13
Q

What is efficiency?

A

A measure of how much of the energy we put in ends up in useful energy stores

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14
Q

What are the four ways of energy transfer and how do they work?

A

Mechanical work- involves a force moving an object
Electrical work- involves an electrical current flowing
Heating- due to a temperature difference
Radiation- energy transferred as a wave (e.g. light)

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15
Q

What are the 7 energy stores?

A

Gravitational potential
Elastic potential
Thermal
Electromagnetic
Nuclear
Chemical
Kinetic

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16
Q

What are the non-renewable resources?

A

Nuclear
Oil
Gas
Coal

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17
Q

What is bad about nuclear power?

A

They do not release carbon dioxide, but produce radioactive waste which must be carefully contained

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18
Q

Why are fossil fuels bad?

A

Burning fossil fuels results in emission of greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming

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19
Q

What is renewable energy?

A

Renewable sources of energy that never run out and they tend to be less damaging to the environment

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20
Q

What are examples of renewable energy?

A

Geothermal
Biofuel
Solar
Tidal
Wind
Hydroelectric
Wave

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21
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A

ADVANTAGES- cheap, quick, produces a lot of energy, reliable, the infrastructure is already in places
DISADVANTAGES- factor to global warming, finite resource, bad for environment, causes acid rain, the gases produced are bad for plants and animals

22
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear fuel?

A

ADVANTAGES- they give people work, don’t emit CO2, lot more energy than coal, reliable
DISADVANTAGES- dangerous, radiation, significant if something goes wrong, life threatening, non renewable, waste is stored for centuries, very expensive due to safety regulations

23
Q

How do you calculate the specific heat capacity of a material?

A

Use the equation: change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change.

24
Q

What is the formula to calculate energy transferred by a heater?

A

Energy transferred = current x voltage x time.

25
Q

Why is the experimental result for specific heat capacity usually too high?

A

The result is usually too high due to thermal energy dissipated to surroundings.

26
Q

What is the first step in calculating specific heat capacity?

A

Work out the energy transferred by the heater.

27
Q

What equipment is mentioned in the context of measuring temperature?

A

Thermometer.

28
Q

What are fossil fuels used for?

A

Burnt to make steam to drive a turbine

29
Q

What is the process for nuclear energy?

A

Uranium and Plutonium make steam to drive a turbine

30
Q

How is biofuel utilized?

A

Burn fuel from living materials to make steam to drive a turbine

31
Q

What drives a wind turbine?

A

Wind drives a turbine

32
Q

How does hydroelectric power work?

A

Water goes through a dam to drive a turbine

33
Q

What drives a tidal turbine?

A

Falling tide drives a turbine

34
Q

How is solar energy converted?

A

Light energy converted to electricity

35
Q

What produces steam in geothermal energy?

A

Volcanic rocks produce steam to drive a turbine

36
Q

What is wave energy converted to?

A

Wave kinetic energy converted to electricity

37
Q

What are the characteristics of reliable energy sources?

A

Cheap to buy, can respond to change in demand (gas), powerful

38
Q

What is a benefit of renewable energy?

A

No CO2, contributing to global warming

39
Q

What is a feature of renewable energy in winter?

A

Works well in winter

40
Q

What can renewable energy do with energy storage?

A

Can store energy from other stations

41
Q

What are the drawbacks of non-renewable energy?

A

Produce CO2 causing global warming

42
Q

What does coal produce that causes acid rain?

A

Coal produces SO2, causing acid rain

43
Q

What are the concerns with nuclear energy?

A

Nuclear waste/accidents, cannot respond to changes in demand

44
Q

What are the environmental impacts of biofuel?

A

Wastes farmland, deforestation to grow crops

45
Q

What are some characteristics of unreliable energy sources?

A

Relatively low power, expensive to build, visual pollution, kills birds

46
Q

What are the issues with tidal energy?

A

Flood land and destroys habitats, few suitable locations

47
Q

What is a drawback of solar energy?

A

Works at wrong times e.g. day/summer, low power

48
Q

What is a limitation of geothermal energy?

A

Needs volcanic activity, unreliable, low power

49
Q

How can you reduce unwanted energy transfer in a machine with moving parts?

A

Use a lubricant to reduce friction

50
Q

How can you reduce unwanted energy transfer in a heated building in winter?

A

Use increased thermal insulation

Physics (4 decks)

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