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Question 1

What is an independent variable?

Answer 1

Variable that is changed

Question 2

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 2

The variable being tested one measured during a scientific experiment

Question 3

What is the independent variable in the investigating specific heat capacity.

Answer 3

Material

Question 4

What is the dependent variable for the investigating specific heat capacity?

Answer 4

Specific heat capacity

Question 5

What is the control variable for investigating specific heat capacity practical?

Answer 5

Insulating layer, initial temperature and time taken

Question 6

What is the conservation of energy?

Answer 6

Energy can never be created or destroyed, just transferred from one to another.

Question 7

What is power?

Answer 7

The rate of transfer of energy - the amount of work done in a given time

Question 8

What is the equation linking power, energy transferred and time?

Answer 8

Power = energy transferred / time

Question 9

How is energy transferred through conduction?

Answer 9

When a solid is heated the particles vibrate and collide more, energy is transferred.

Question 10

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 10

Moving objects

Question 11

What is thermal energy?

Answer 11

Happens when there is a difference in temperature

Question 12

What is elastic potential energy?

Answer 12

The energy stored in an object as a result of deformation or stretching or compression

Question 13

What is gravitational potential energy?

Answer 13

When you are above the Earth’s surface you have potential energy stored

Question 14

What is work done?

Answer 14

Work is done whenever energy is transferred from one store to another

Question 15

What are the two types of work?

Answer 15

Mechanical and electrical work

Question 16

What is mechanical work?

Answer 16

Using a force to move an object

Question 17

What is electrical work?

Answer 17

Current transferring energy

Question 18

What is the equation for work done?

Answer 18

Work done (J) = force (N) x distance (m)

Question 19

When a car breaks what happens? (In terms of work done)

Answer 19

The brake presses on the wheel of the car creating friction. The kinetic energy store of the car is transferred to thermal energy store in the brakes. The temp of brakes increases, and the car slows down and stops. Work is being done

Question 20

What is power?

Answer 20

The rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done

Question 21

What is the equation for power with energy transferred in it?

Answer 21

Power = energy transferred (J) / time (s)

Question 22

What is the equation for power with work done?

Answer 22

Power (w) =work done (J) / time (s)

Question 23

What is the equation for efficiency using useful output energy transfer?

Answer 23

Efficiency = useful output energy transfer / total input energy transfer

Question 24

What is the equation for efficiency using useful power out?

Answer 24

Useful power output / total power input

Question 25

How do builders insulate walls?

Answer 25

Pack insulating material between external and internal walls. The insulating material has low, thermal conductivity.

Question 26

How do builders insulate windows?

Answer 26

Double glazed windows, which have a low thermal conductivity

Question 27

How to builders insulate roofs?

Answer 27

Loft insulation

Question 28

How else might builders insulate houses?

Answer 28

Thick walls

Question 29

What is the method for the required practical determining the specific heat capacity of vegetable oil?

Answer 29

- Play beaker on a balance and press, zero - Add oil to the beaker and record the mass - Place thermometer and immersion heater in the oil - Read the starting temp of the oil - Wrap the beaker in insulating foam to reduce them energy transfer to the surroundings - Connect a joulmeter to the immersion heater and a power pack to the joulmeter - Leave for 30 minutes - Read the total number of joules of energy that passed into the immersion heater - read the final temp of the oil

Question 30

What is the equation for change in thermal energy?

Answer 30

Change in thermal energy (J) = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change

Question 31

For the vegetable oil practical, how might you prevent thermal energy passing out of the beaker into the air?

Answer 31

Use an insulator with a lower thermal conductivity

Question 32

For the vegetable oil practical, how might you stop not all thermal energy passing into the oil

Answer 32

Ensure that immersion heater is fully submerged

Question 33

For the vegetable oil practical how do you prevent incorrect reading of the thermometer?

Answer 33

Use an electronic temperature probe

Question 34

For the vegetable oil, practical, how might you prevent thermal energy not being spread through the oil?

Answer 34

Stir the oil

Question 35

What are the three main fossil fuels?

Answer 35

- Coal - Oil - Gas

Question 36

Advantages of fossil fuels

Answer 36

- Reliable, always provide energy when we need it - releases a great deal of energy, useful for aeroplanes - , the world still has plenty of it - Relatively cheap - versatile, e.g. transport, generating, electricity and heating

Question 37

Disadvantages of fossil fuels

Answer 37

- burning them releases carbon dioxide - non-renewable not being replenished as we use them. Eventually will run out - releases other pollutants

Question 38

Advantages of nuclear power

Answer 38

- Once a nuclear plant is running, it releases no carbon dioxide. does not contribute to climate change - Extremely reliable, generates a lot of electricity when we want it

Question 39

Disadvantages of nuclear power

Answer 39

- contains highly dangerous radioactive materials. If there’s an accident, these could be released into the environment - Dismantling, a nuclear plant is time-consuming and extremely expensive - Generates large amounts of radioactive waste. This must be stored for thousands of years before it’s safe.

Question 40

Examples of renewable sources of energy

Answer 40

- Wind power - Solar power - Hydroelectric power - Tidal power - Biofuels - Geothermal - Wave power

Question 41

Advantages of renewable energy

Answer 41

- Never run out Do not add any carbon dioxide in the atmosphere once in place. Don’t contribute to climate change.

Question 42

Disadvantages of renewable sources of energy

Answer 42

- Wind and solar unreliable some days aren’t sunny or windy - hydroelectric damages habitats, only useful to countries with lots of rivers not the UK - Wave is experimental at the moment - Geothermal isn’t used much in the UK - Biofuels, if we use land to grow crops for fuel that could push up the price of food