P1 Flashcards
ISBT system number: 001
Chromosome no: 9
ABO
Give the ISBT number and chromosome number of Rh respectively
004, 1
ISBT NUMBER: 002
Chromosomal number: 4
MNS
ISBT system no.: 3
Chromosome no.: 22
P
ISBT number: 005
Chromosome number: 19
Lutheran
ISBT has how many numbers? First three is for? The last three?
6
First three: Blood group system
Last three: Specific antigen
-remains in the Ii collection
-collection number 207; symbol I
-(207002) antigens
i antigens
027-001
I antigen
what is the relationship between the I and i high frequency antigen expressed in wide range of strength ?
inversely proportional
-cold agglutinin
-Weiner called it ____ for individuality
The I (027) Blood Collection and I antigen
RBCs that lack these antigens are relatively resistant to malaria. What blood group?
Duffy antigens; DUFFY blood group
an antibody to ____ is considered to have the most notorious reputation
Kidd
this antibody is almost always associated with parasitic infection. what blood group?
anti-P1
antibody class of I Blood Group Systems
IgM
-optimal reaction temperature is at 4 degrees
-enzyme treatment: enhanced agglutinnation
I Blood Group System
what antibody is associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
anti-I
-006 GROUP SYSTEM
-consists of 32-high incidence and low-incidence antigens
-first blood group system discovered after the introductionof antiglobulin testing
-enzyme treatment: no effect
KELL GROUP SYSTEM
what is the antibody class of kell blood group system?
optimal temp:
IgG; 37 degrees
what are the antigens of Kell Blood Group System (6)
K (kell), k (cellano), Kpa (penny), Kpb (rautenberg), Jsa (sutter), Jsb (matthews), and Ku; common Kell system antigens k, Kpb, Jsb
T/F: K is very mmunogenic. anti-K is encountered quite frequently and can cause HTR and HDN
TRUE
Also known as K0. It occurs when RBCs lack the Kell antigens BUT HAVE Kx antigen
Kellnull
produced by a gene located on a DIFFERENT chromosome than the Kell system genes. This antigen is inherited independently from the Kell antigens; is required for the expression of the Kell system antigens.
Kx antigen
identified by Kelleher in 1946
KEL 1 or K
3 years later, Cellano identified in 1946
KEL 2 or k
-Kpa and Kpb
-Jsa and Jsb
antithetical antigens
Kell blood group system is located in which chromosome?
chromosome 7
-found only in RBCs
-NOT been found on platelets, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes
KELL
Xk protein is found in
Erythroid tissues and in other tissues succh as brain, lymphoid organ, heart, and skeletal muscles
Kell glycoprotein is abundant in
testes
K antigen is detected on fetal RBCs as early as
10 weeks
-Abbbreviation for Duffy
-Antibody class?
Fy; IgG
Antigens of Duffy (2)
Fya and Fyb
silent allele for Duffy
Fy
alleles for duffy (3)
Fya, Fyb, and Fy
Duffy
Commonly show dosage effect?
Weak antibodies react more strongly with HOMOZYGOUS cells
ISBT number of Duffy
008
antibodies of Duffy
anti-Fya and anti-Fyb
chromosomal number of duffy?
1
-identified on fetal red cells as early as 6 WEEKS gestational age and are well developed at birth
-antigens are not found platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, or granulocytes, but they have been identified in other body tissues, including brain, colon, endothelium, lung, spleen, etc.
Fya and Fyb
Destroyed by common proteolytic enzymes
not affected by DTT alone
Fya and Fyb
an inherited weak form of Fyb that reacts with some examples of anti-Fyb
Fyx
is an important allele for invasion for P. vivax and P. knowlesi
Fy6
-usually, IgG and react best at the antiglobulin phase
-low ionic sol’n
-have been assocciated ith cute and delayed HTRs
Anti-Fya and Anti-Fyb
-found in the serum of an Fy(a-b-)
Fy3 and anti-Fy3
unlike Fya and Fyb, the ____ antigen is not destroyed by enzymes
Fy3 and Fy5
Double dosage, Single dosage
White, Black
-FY(a-b-) is common in _____
-resist infection in vitro by the monkey malaria organism Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium vivax
-lower neutrophil counts, susceptibility to infection, renal disease, and reduced graft survival following renal transplantation
Black americans
abbreviation for Kidd Blood Group System
Jk
KIDD
Antibody class:
Optimal reaction temp:
Reaction phase:
IgG
37 degrees
AHG
clinically significant: associated with HTR and mild HDN
Kidd Blood Group System
Antigens of Kidd
Jka, Jkb, Jk3
Four phenotypes of Kidd:
Jk(a+b-); Jk(a-b+); Jk (a+b+); Jk (a-b-)
codes for Jka and Jk3
Jka
codes for Jkb and Jk3
Jkb
-show dosage effect
-bind complement
-antibodies deteriorate in storage, commmonly causes DELAYED HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION REACTIONS
Give the antibody and blood group
anti- JKa and anti-Jkb (KIDD)
-detected on fetal red cells on RBCs of most individuals
-not altered by enzymes
____ weeks for Jka and ___ weeks for Jkb
Jka and Jkb
an IgG antiglobulin reactive antibody that looks like an inseperable anti-JkaJkb. the individual making the antibody will type Jk (a-b-)
Alloanti-Jk3
associated with KIDD BGS on patient receiving ALDOMET/METHYLDOPA and another was chlorporopamide-dependent
Drug-Induced Autoantibody
the null phenotype for Kidd blood group; lack Jka and Jkb, and common Jk3 antigen
most abundant in Polynesian, and identified in Fiilipinos
Jk(a-b-)
-RBCs resists lysis to 2M urea
-delayed by 30 minutes, in contrast to Jk(a+) and Jk(b+) occurs within 1 MINUTE
Jk(a-b-)
abbreviation for Lutheran Blood Group System
Lu
Lutheran antibody class:
Lua (IgM) and Lub (IgG)
LUTHERAN
Optimal reaction temperature:
Lua (4 degrees) and Lub (37 degrees)
LUTHERAN
Reaction phase:
Lua (RT) Lub (AHG)
which antibody of Lutheran is rare and associated with HTR and HDN
anti-Lub
How many antigens are there in Lutheran Blood Group?
18 total, including Aua and Aub
alleles of Lutheran (2)
Lua and Lub
what ISBT number is designated to Lutheran Blood Group system
005
discovered in serum of a patient with SLE following transfusion
Lutheran ISBT 005
antithetical partner of Lua by Cutbush and Canarin
Lub
Most common Lutheran phenotype accounts for 93.35 of most population
Lu (a-b+)
although the antigens have been detected on fetal RBCs as early as 10-12 weeks of gestation, they are poorly developed
Lua and Lub
what antibody?
most are naturally occurring saline agglutinins (IgM) that react better at room temp
-LOOSE, MIXED-FIELD reactivity in a test tube
anti-Lua
-a rare antibody that reacts with all RBCs EXCEPT Lu(a-b-) RBCs
-inseparable to anti-Luab and recognizes common antigen, Lu3, that is present wheneer Lua or Lub is present
Anti-Lu3
what antigens are affected in DOMINANT type of Lu(a-b-)?
is there a presence of anti-Lu3?
reduced P1, i, Inb, AnWj, MER2, CD44
excluding ABO, is rated second only to D in terms of immunogenecity
Kell antigens
consists of 39 high-prevalence and low-prevalence antigens; it was FIRST blood group system discovered after the introduction of antiglobulin testing
Kell Blood Group system
absence of Xk results in ______ syndrome. It is also associated with CGD (Chronic Granulomatous Disease
McLeod Syndrome
depressed kell antigens are seen on RBCs with which phenotype?
Gerbich-negative phenotypes
Ge: -2, -3, 4 and Ge: -2, -3, 4 (LEACH PHENOTYPE)
high frequency/incidence kell antigen: (3)
k (cellano), Kpb (rautenberg), Jsb (matthews)
recognizes the “universal” kell antigen present on all RBCs except Ko.
anti-Ku
-decreased kell system antigen expression and abnormal RBBC morphology which has been associated with X-linked CGD
-RBCs lacked Kx
-muscular dystrophy
-acanthocytosis
McLeod Syndrome
49 antigens have been included in this blood system, making it almost equal to Rh in size and complexity
ISBT 002 MNS
-found on glycophorin A and are antitheticaal antigens
-easily destroyed by enzymes
-well-developed at birth
MN antigens
has serine and glycine
M antigens
has leucine and glutamic acid
N antigen
MN antigens differ in?
in their amino residue at positions 1 and 5
-found on glycophorin b and they are antithetical antigens
-less easily degraded by enzymes
S and s antigens
has methionine
S antigen
has threonine
s antigen
-may be IgG and IgM (majority IgM)
-cold reactive saline agglutinins
-usually does not bind complement
-pH-dependent (6.5)
-shows DOSAGE EFFECT
anti-M
-cold-reactive IgM saline agglutinin
-anti-Nf- seen in renal patient, who are dialyzed on equipment sterilized with formaldehyde
anti-N
MNS
clinically significant, causing HTR and HDN
anti-S, anti-s, anti-U
MNS
-Universal
-can be formmed in S-s individuals
-can also cause HDFN
-enhanced by enzyme treatment
anti-U
five most important antigens in MNS
M,N,S,s,U
give the phenotype.
-they are M-N-
-confers resistance to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite
En(a-) phenotype
null phenotype in the MNS blood group system
M-N-S-s-U-En(a-)Wr(a-b-)
Mk phenotype
may serve as the receptor by which certain pyelonephritogenic strains strains of E. coli gain entry to the urinary tract
Glycophorin A
how are S and s antigens differentiated?
differentiated by the amino acid residues at position 29
anti-M exhibit dosage at what phenotype does it react better?
M+N- better than M+N+
Anti-N shows dosage at what phenotype does it react better?
reacts better at M-N+ than M+N+
N reactivity includes:
Bauhinia variegate
Bauhinia purpura
Vicia graminea
M reactivity includes:
Iberis amara
Iberis semperivens
Maclura aurantica
ISBT number of P Blood group
003
ISBT number of globoside collection. what antigen does it have?
028
P
P1 is assigned to what blood group system?
P blood group system
what antigen is assigned to new globoside (028) and in globoside collection (029)?
028: P
029: Pk and LKE
was introduced in 1927 by Landsteiner and Levine
P Blood Group
like ABH antigens, are synthesized by sequential action of glycosyltransferases, which add sugars to precurors substances
P blood group
Abbreviation of P Blood Group System
P1
P Blood Group System
Abs
IgM (anti-P1)
Autoanti-P is _____ antibody. Naturally occuring biphasic antibody associated with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. Binds to the antigen on the patient’s RBCs in the cold and fixes complement.
Donath-Landsteiner
patients with this antibody may require a blood warmer for transfusion
autoanti-P
-found in individuals of the p phenotype
-spontaneous abortions
-originally, called as anti-Tja (tumor)
-produced by p individuals early in life w/out RBC sensitization
Anti-PP(1)P(k)
1 and k and are subscripts
found on RBCs, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes
P1, P, Pk
can be found on platelets, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts
P
resistant to treatment with ficin and papain, DTT, chloroquine, and glycine-acid EDTA
P blood group
reactivity of the antibodies can be greatly enhanced by testing with enzyme-treated RBCs
P bloo group
12 weeks found on fetal RBCs but weakens w/ gestational age
P1 antigen
has been identified in hydatid cyst fluid, lumbricoides terrestris, and ascaris suum
P1 subtance
has been found on: plasma, droppings of pigeon and turtledoves, eggwhite of turtle doves
P1-like antigen
-is a marker of apoptosis in germinal center B cells, Burkitt lymphoma, and lymphoblastic anemia
-associated with biliary cirrhosis and AIHA
pk
naturally occuring ALLOANTIBODY in sera of all pk individuals
anti-P
-naturally occcuring IgM antibody in the sera of P2 individuals
-HDFN is not associated
-individuals infected Echinococcus granulosus]
-patients with fascioliasis (bovine liver fluke disease) and in bird handlers
anti-P1
-detectable in antigens in P1
-possible antibodies
P, P1, Pk
NONE
-detectable antigens in P2
-possible antibodies
-P AND Pk
-anti-P1
possible antibodies in “p” (P null)
anti-PP(1)P(k)
-detectable antigens in P1k
-possible antibodies:
-P1, Pk
-anti-P
-detectable antigens in P2(k)
-detectable antibodies
-Pk
-anti-P and anti-P1
-abbreviation for Lewis Blood Group System
-antibody class
Le
IgM
-produced by tissue cells and secreted into fluids
-the antigens are absorbed onto the RBC membranes
-may take 6 YEARS to fully develop these antigens
Lewis Blood Group
decreased expression on red cells from many pregnant women. pregnant women are typed as?
lewis antigens; Le (a-b-)
ABH nonsecretors
Le(a+b-)
ABH secretors
Le(a-b+)
either secretors on non-secretors
Le(a-b-)
inherits both Le and Se genes, give the transformation of phenotypes (4)
Le(a-b-)
Le(a+b-)
Le(a+b+)
Le(a-b+) (TRUE LEWIS PHENOTYPE)
phenotype transformation of children who inherit the Le and sese genes (3)
Le(a-b-) birth
Le(a+b-) after 10 days
Le(a+b-) phenotype persists through life
-ISBT number LE3
-anti-Le(ab) superscript reacts with Le(a+b-) and Le(a-b+) RBCs from adults and with 90% cord RBCs
what is the antigen?
Le(ab)
what is the antigen and the antibody if it reacts with GROUP O
Le(b+) and A2 Le(b+) RBCS
anti-Le(bH) and Le(bH)
what is the antibody and the antigen if it reacts with GROUP A1
Le(b+) and A1Le(b+) RBCs
anti-A(leb) and ALe(b)
-ISBT NUMBER 6
-reacts with GROUP B
Le(b+) and A1B Leb(+) RBCs
anti-Ble(b) and BLeb
What is the glycosyltransferase of H gene?
What is the immunodominant sugar?
a-2-L-fucosyltransferase
L-fucose
A gene glycosyltransferase?
Immunodominant sugar?
-a-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
-N-acetylgalactosamine
B gene galactosyltransferase?
Immunodominant sugar?
-a-3-D-galactosyltransferase
-D-galactose
ABH antigens on RBC are found in what type of chain?
glycolipids, glycoproteins, glycosphingolipids
Type 2
beta linkage 1,4
ABH antigens on SECRETION are found in which type of chain?
Type 1 (odd)
beta linkage 1,3
glycoproteins
H,A,B,Se,Le
FUT2
Se gene
FUT3
Le gene
FUT1
H gene
Weak A subgroup
-Mixed-field
-anti-A1 may be present (serum)
-has enzyme
A3
A Weak Subgroup
-NO AGGLUTINATION by anti-A but do agglutinate with most samples of anti-AB
-NO TRANSFERASE
-almost always produce anti-A1
Ax
Weak A
-VERY WEAK MIXED FIELD
-NO A glycosyltransferase
Aend
Weak A
-NOT AGGLUTINATED
- has an A enzyme (serum)
Am
Weak A
-NOT AGGLUTINATED by anti A or anti AB
- HAS ENZYME
- H, A SALIVA
-GERMLINE MUTATION
Ay
Weak A
-UNAGGLUTINATED by anti-A or anti-AB
-NO ENZYME
Ael
Weak B
-Mixed-Field
-B-glycosyltransferase in serum but not in RBC membranes
B3
Weak B
-WEAK AGGLUTINATION
NO ENZYME
Bx
Weak B
-UNAGGLUTINATED
-ENZYME (SERUM)
-reduced activity of B enzyme
Bm
Weak B
-UNAGGLUTINATED
-NO ENZYME
-mutation in exon 7
Bel
Unexpected reactions in REVERSE GROUPING
weakly reacting or missing antibodies
Common populations: Newborns, Elderly Patients, Leukemia patients, Patients with immunosuppressive drugs
GROUP 1 DISCREPANCIES
Unexpected reactions in FORWARD GROUPING
least encountered
Causes: Subgroups of A or B may be present, leukemias, Hodgkin’s
GROUP 2 DISCREPANCIES
Discrepancies between FORWARD AND REVERSE
Caused by:protein or plasma proteins, rouleaux formation, pseudo agglutination
Multiple myeloma, Waldenstroms Macroglobulinemia, Hodgkin’s, Dextran, WHARTON’S JELLY
GROUP 3
Discrepancies BETWEEN FORWARD AND REVERSE
MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS
cold reactive autoantibodies
Unexpected ABO isoagglutinins
Group 4
