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Blood Bank > P1 > Flashcards

P1 Flashcards

1
Q

ISBT system number: 001
Chromosome no: 9

A

ABO

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2
Q

Give the ISBT number and chromosome number of Rh respectively

A

004, 1

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3
Q

ISBT NUMBER: 002
Chromosomal number: 4

A

MNS

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4
Q

ISBT system no.: 3
Chromosome no.: 22

A

P

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5
Q

ISBT number: 005
Chromosome number: 19

A

Lutheran

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6
Q

ISBT has how many numbers? First three is for? The last three?

A

6
First three: Blood group system
Last three: Specific antigen

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7
Q

-remains in the Ii collection
-collection number 207; symbol I
-(207002) antigens

A

i antigens

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8
Q

027-001

A

I antigen

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9
Q

what is the relationship between the I and i high frequency antigen expressed in wide range of strength ?

A

inversely proportional

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10
Q

-cold agglutinin
-Weiner called it ____ for individuality

A

The I (027) Blood Collection and I antigen

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11
Q

RBCs that lack these antigens are relatively resistant to malaria. What blood group?

A

Duffy antigens; DUFFY blood group

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12
Q

an antibody to ____ is considered to have the most notorious reputation

A

Kidd

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13
Q

this antibody is almost always associated with parasitic infection. what blood group?

A

anti-P1

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14
Q

antibody class of I Blood Group Systems

A

IgM

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15
Q

-optimal reaction temperature is at 4 degrees
-enzyme treatment: enhanced agglutinnation

A

I Blood Group System

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16
Q

what antibody is associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

A

anti-I

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17
Q

-006 GROUP SYSTEM
-consists of 32-high incidence and low-incidence antigens
-first blood group system discovered after the introductionof antiglobulin testing
-enzyme treatment: no effect

A

KELL GROUP SYSTEM

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18
Q

what is the antibody class of kell blood group system?
optimal temp:

A

IgG; 37 degrees

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19
Q

what are the antigens of Kell Blood Group System (6)

A

K (kell), k (cellano), Kpa (penny), Kpb (rautenberg), Jsa (sutter), Jsb (matthews), and Ku; common Kell system antigens k, Kpb, Jsb

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20
Q

T/F: K is very mmunogenic. anti-K is encountered quite frequently and can cause HTR and HDN

A

TRUE

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21
Q

Also known as K0. It occurs when RBCs lack the Kell antigens BUT HAVE Kx antigen

A

Kellnull

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22
Q

produced by a gene located on a DIFFERENT chromosome than the Kell system genes. This antigen is inherited independently from the Kell antigens; is required for the expression of the Kell system antigens.

A

Kx antigen

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23
Q

identified by Kelleher in 1946

A

KEL 1 or K

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24
Q

3 years later, Cellano identified in 1946

A

KEL 2 or k

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25
Q

-Kpa and Kpb
-Jsa and Jsb

A

antithetical antigens

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26
Q

Kell blood group system is located in which chromosome?

A

chromosome 7

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27
Q

-found only in RBCs
-NOT been found on platelets, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes

A

KELL

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28
Q

Xk protein is found in

A

Erythroid tissues and in other tissues succh as brain, lymphoid organ, heart, and skeletal muscles

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29
Q

Kell glycoprotein is abundant in

A

testes

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30
Q

K antigen is detected on fetal RBCs as early as

A

10 weeks

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31
Q

-Abbbreviation for Duffy
-Antibody class?

A

Fy; IgG

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32
Q

Antigens of Duffy (2)

A

Fya and Fyb

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33
Q

silent allele for Duffy

A

Fy

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34
Q

alleles for duffy (3)

A

Fya, Fyb, and Fy

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35
Q

Duffy
Commonly show dosage effect?

A

Weak antibodies react more strongly with HOMOZYGOUS cells

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36
Q

ISBT number of Duffy

A

008

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37
Q

antibodies of Duffy

A

anti-Fya and anti-Fyb

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38
Q

chromosomal number of duffy?

A

1

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39
Q

-identified on fetal red cells as early as 6 WEEKS gestational age and are well developed at birth
-antigens are not found platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, or granulocytes, but they have been identified in other body tissues, including brain, colon, endothelium, lung, spleen, etc.

A

Fya and Fyb

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40
Q

Destroyed by common proteolytic enzymes
not affected by DTT alone

A

Fya and Fyb

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41
Q

an inherited weak form of Fyb that reacts with some examples of anti-Fyb

A

Fyx

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42
Q

is an important allele for invasion for P. vivax and P. knowlesi

A

Fy6

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43
Q

-usually, IgG and react best at the antiglobulin phase
-low ionic sol’n
-have been assocciated ith cute and delayed HTRs

A

Anti-Fya and Anti-Fyb

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44
Q

-found in the serum of an Fy(a-b-)

A

Fy3 and anti-Fy3

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45
Q

unlike Fya and Fyb, the ____ antigen is not destroyed by enzymes

A

Fy3 and Fy5

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46
Q

Double dosage, Single dosage

A

White, Black

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47
Q

-FY(a-b-) is common in _____
-resist infection in vitro by the monkey malaria organism Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium vivax
-lower neutrophil counts, susceptibility to infection, renal disease, and reduced graft survival following renal transplantation

A

Black americans

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48
Q

abbreviation for Kidd Blood Group System

A

Jk

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49
Q

KIDD
Antibody class:
Optimal reaction temp:
Reaction phase:

A

IgG
37 degrees
AHG

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50
Q

clinically significant: associated with HTR and mild HDN

A

Kidd Blood Group System

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51
Q

Antigens of Kidd

A

Jka, Jkb, Jk3

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52
Q

Four phenotypes of Kidd:

A

Jk(a+b-); Jk(a-b+); Jk (a+b+); Jk (a-b-)

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53
Q

codes for Jka and Jk3

A

Jka

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54
Q

codes for Jkb and Jk3

A

Jkb

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55
Q

-show dosage effect
-bind complement
-antibodies deteriorate in storage, commmonly causes DELAYED HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION REACTIONS
Give the antibody and blood group

A

anti- JKa and anti-Jkb (KIDD)

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56
Q

-detected on fetal red cells on RBCs of most individuals
-not altered by enzymes
____ weeks for Jka and ___ weeks for Jkb

A

Jka and Jkb

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57
Q

an IgG antiglobulin reactive antibody that looks like an inseperable anti-JkaJkb. the individual making the antibody will type Jk (a-b-)

A

Alloanti-Jk3

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58
Q

associated with KIDD BGS on patient receiving ALDOMET/METHYLDOPA and another was chlorporopamide-dependent

A

Drug-Induced Autoantibody

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59
Q

the null phenotype for Kidd blood group; lack Jka and Jkb, and common Jk3 antigen
most abundant in Polynesian, and identified in Fiilipinos

A

Jk(a-b-)

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60
Q

-RBCs resists lysis to 2M urea
-delayed by 30 minutes, in contrast to Jk(a+) and Jk(b+) occurs within 1 MINUTE

A

Jk(a-b-)

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61
Q

abbreviation for Lutheran Blood Group System

A

Lu

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62
Q

Lutheran antibody class:

A

Lua (IgM) and Lub (IgG)

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63
Q

LUTHERAN
Optimal reaction temperature:

A

Lua (4 degrees) and Lub (37 degrees)

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64
Q

LUTHERAN
Reaction phase:

A

Lua (RT) Lub (AHG)

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65
Q

which antibody of Lutheran is rare and associated with HTR and HDN

A

anti-Lub

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66
Q

How many antigens are there in Lutheran Blood Group?

A

18 total, including Aua and Aub

67
Q

alleles of Lutheran (2)

A

Lua and Lub

68
Q

what ISBT number is designated to Lutheran Blood Group system

A

005

69
Q

discovered in serum of a patient with SLE following transfusion

A

Lutheran ISBT 005

70
Q

antithetical partner of Lua by Cutbush and Canarin

A

Lub

71
Q

Most common Lutheran phenotype accounts for 93.35 of most population

A

Lu (a-b+)

72
Q

although the antigens have been detected on fetal RBCs as early as 10-12 weeks of gestation, they are poorly developed

A

Lua and Lub

73
Q

what antibody?
most are naturally occurring saline agglutinins (IgM) that react better at room temp
-LOOSE, MIXED-FIELD reactivity in a test tube

A

anti-Lua

74
Q

-a rare antibody that reacts with all RBCs EXCEPT Lu(a-b-) RBCs
-inseparable to anti-Luab and recognizes common antigen, Lu3, that is present wheneer Lua or Lub is present

A

Anti-Lu3

75
Q

what antigens are affected in DOMINANT type of Lu(a-b-)?
is there a presence of anti-Lu3?

A

reduced P1, i, Inb, AnWj, MER2, CD44

76
Q

excluding ABO, is rated second only to D in terms of immunogenecity

A

Kell antigens

77
Q

consists of 39 high-prevalence and low-prevalence antigens; it was FIRST blood group system discovered after the introduction of antiglobulin testing

A

Kell Blood Group system

78
Q

absence of Xk results in ______ syndrome. It is also associated with CGD (Chronic Granulomatous Disease

A

McLeod Syndrome

79
Q

depressed kell antigens are seen on RBCs with which phenotype?

A

Gerbich-negative phenotypes
Ge: -2, -3, 4 and Ge: -2, -3, 4 (LEACH PHENOTYPE)

80
Q

high frequency/incidence kell antigen: (3)

A

k (cellano), Kpb (rautenberg), Jsb (matthews)

81
Q

recognizes the “universal” kell antigen present on all RBCs except Ko.

A

anti-Ku

82
Q

-decreased kell system antigen expression and abnormal RBBC morphology which has been associated with X-linked CGD
-RBCs lacked Kx
-muscular dystrophy
-acanthocytosis

A

McLeod Syndrome

83
Q

49 antigens have been included in this blood system, making it almost equal to Rh in size and complexity

A

ISBT 002 MNS

84
Q

-found on glycophorin A and are antitheticaal antigens
-easily destroyed by enzymes
-well-developed at birth

A

MN antigens

85
Q

has serine and glycine

A

M antigens

86
Q

has leucine and glutamic acid

A

N antigen

87
Q

MN antigens differ in?

A

in their amino residue at positions 1 and 5

88
Q

-found on glycophorin b and they are antithetical antigens
-less easily degraded by enzymes

A

S and s antigens

89
Q

has methionine

A

S antigen

90
Q

has threonine

A

s antigen

91
Q

-may be IgG and IgM (majority IgM)
-cold reactive saline agglutinins
-usually does not bind complement
-pH-dependent (6.5)
-shows DOSAGE EFFECT

A

anti-M

92
Q

-cold-reactive IgM saline agglutinin
-anti-Nf- seen in renal patient, who are dialyzed on equipment sterilized with formaldehyde

A

anti-N

93
Q

MNS
clinically significant, causing HTR and HDN

A

anti-S, anti-s, anti-U

94
Q

MNS
-Universal
-can be formmed in S-s individuals
-can also cause HDFN
-enhanced by enzyme treatment

A

anti-U

95
Q

five most important antigens in MNS

A

M,N,S,s,U

96
Q

give the phenotype.
-they are M-N-
-confers resistance to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite

A

En(a-) phenotype

97
Q

null phenotype in the MNS blood group system
M-N-S-s-U-En(a-)Wr(a-b-)

A

Mk phenotype

98
Q

may serve as the receptor by which certain pyelonephritogenic strains strains of E. coli gain entry to the urinary tract

A

Glycophorin A

99
Q

how are S and s antigens differentiated?

A

differentiated by the amino acid residues at position 29

100
Q

anti-M exhibit dosage at what phenotype does it react better?

A

M+N- better than M+N+

101
Q

Anti-N shows dosage at what phenotype does it react better?

A

reacts better at M-N+ than M+N+

102
Q

N reactivity includes:

A

Bauhinia variegate
Bauhinia purpura
Vicia graminea

103
Q

M reactivity includes:

A

Iberis amara
Iberis semperivens
Maclura aurantica

104
Q

ISBT number of P Blood group

A

003

105
Q

ISBT number of globoside collection. what antigen does it have?

A

028
P

106
Q

P1 is assigned to what blood group system?

A

P blood group system

107
Q

what antigen is assigned to new globoside (028) and in globoside collection (029)?

A

028: P
029: Pk and LKE

108
Q

was introduced in 1927 by Landsteiner and Levine

A

P Blood Group

109
Q

like ABH antigens, are synthesized by sequential action of glycosyltransferases, which add sugars to precurors substances

A

P blood group

110
Q

Abbreviation of P Blood Group System

A

P1

111
Q

P Blood Group System
Abs

A

IgM (anti-P1)

112
Q

Autoanti-P is _____ antibody. Naturally occuring biphasic antibody associated with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. Binds to the antigen on the patient’s RBCs in the cold and fixes complement.

A

Donath-Landsteiner

113
Q

patients with this antibody may require a blood warmer for transfusion

A

autoanti-P

114
Q

-found in individuals of the p phenotype
-spontaneous abortions
-originally, called as anti-Tja (tumor)
-produced by p individuals early in life w/out RBC sensitization

A

Anti-PP(1)P(k)
1 and k and are subscripts

115
Q

found on RBCs, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes

A

P1, P, Pk

116
Q

can be found on platelets, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts

A

P

117
Q

resistant to treatment with ficin and papain, DTT, chloroquine, and glycine-acid EDTA

A

P blood group

118
Q

reactivity of the antibodies can be greatly enhanced by testing with enzyme-treated RBCs

A

P bloo group

119
Q

12 weeks found on fetal RBCs but weakens w/ gestational age

A

P1 antigen

120
Q

has been identified in hydatid cyst fluid, lumbricoides terrestris, and ascaris suum

A

P1 subtance

121
Q

has been found on: plasma, droppings of pigeon and turtledoves, eggwhite of turtle doves

A

P1-like antigen

122
Q

-is a marker of apoptosis in germinal center B cells, Burkitt lymphoma, and lymphoblastic anemia
-associated with biliary cirrhosis and AIHA

A

pk

123
Q

naturally occuring ALLOANTIBODY in sera of all pk individuals

A

anti-P

124
Q

-naturally occcuring IgM antibody in the sera of P2 individuals
-HDFN is not associated
-individuals infected Echinococcus granulosus]
-patients with fascioliasis (bovine liver fluke disease) and in bird handlers

A

anti-P1

125
Q

-detectable in antigens in P1
-possible antibodies

A

P, P1, Pk
NONE

126
Q

-detectable antigens in P2
-possible antibodies

A

-P AND Pk
-anti-P1

127
Q

possible antibodies in “p” (P null)

A

anti-PP(1)P(k)

128
Q

-detectable antigens in P1k
-possible antibodies:

A

-P1, Pk
-anti-P

129
Q

-detectable antigens in P2(k)
-detectable antibodies

A

-Pk
-anti-P and anti-P1

130
Q

-abbreviation for Lewis Blood Group System
-antibody class

A

Le
IgM

131
Q

-produced by tissue cells and secreted into fluids
-the antigens are absorbed onto the RBC membranes
-may take 6 YEARS to fully develop these antigens

A

Lewis Blood Group

132
Q

decreased expression on red cells from many pregnant women. pregnant women are typed as?

A

lewis antigens; Le (a-b-)

133
Q

ABH nonsecretors

A

Le(a+b-)

134
Q

ABH secretors

A

Le(a-b+)

135
Q

either secretors on non-secretors

A

Le(a-b-)

136
Q

inherits both Le and Se genes, give the transformation of phenotypes (4)

A

Le(a-b-)
Le(a+b-)
Le(a+b+)
Le(a-b+) (TRUE LEWIS PHENOTYPE)

137
Q

phenotype transformation of children who inherit the Le and sese genes (3)

A

Le(a-b-) birth
Le(a+b-) after 10 days
Le(a+b-) phenotype persists through life

138
Q

-ISBT number LE3
-anti-Le(ab) superscript reacts with Le(a+b-) and Le(a-b+) RBCs from adults and with 90% cord RBCs
what is the antigen?

A

Le(ab)

139
Q

what is the antigen and the antibody if it reacts with GROUP O
Le(b+) and A2 Le(b+) RBCS

A

anti-Le(bH) and Le(bH)

140
Q

what is the antibody and the antigen if it reacts with GROUP A1
Le(b+) and A1Le(b+) RBCs

A

anti-A(leb) and ALe(b)

141
Q

-ISBT NUMBER 6
-reacts with GROUP B
Le(b+) and A1B Leb(+) RBCs

A

anti-Ble(b) and BLeb

142
Q

What is the glycosyltransferase of H gene?
What is the immunodominant sugar?

A

a-2-L-fucosyltransferase
L-fucose

143
Q

A gene glycosyltransferase?
Immunodominant sugar?

A

-a-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
-N-acetylgalactosamine

144
Q

B gene galactosyltransferase?
Immunodominant sugar?

A

-a-3-D-galactosyltransferase
-D-galactose

145
Q

ABH antigens on RBC are found in what type of chain?
glycolipids, glycoproteins, glycosphingolipids

A

Type 2
beta linkage 1,4

146
Q

ABH antigens on SECRETION are found in which type of chain?

A

Type 1 (odd)
beta linkage 1,3
glycoproteins
H,A,B,Se,Le

147
Q

FUT2

A

Se gene

148
Q

FUT3

A

Le gene

149
Q

FUT1

A

H gene

150
Q

Weak A subgroup
-Mixed-field
-anti-A1 may be present (serum)
-has enzyme

A

A3

151
Q

A Weak Subgroup
-NO AGGLUTINATION by anti-A but do agglutinate with most samples of anti-AB
-NO TRANSFERASE
-almost always produce anti-A1

A

Ax

152
Q

Weak A
-VERY WEAK MIXED FIELD
-NO A glycosyltransferase

A

Aend

153
Q

Weak A
-NOT AGGLUTINATED
- has an A enzyme (serum)

A

Am

154
Q

Weak A
-NOT AGGLUTINATED by anti A or anti AB
- HAS ENZYME
- H, A SALIVA
-GERMLINE MUTATION

A

Ay

155
Q

Weak A
-UNAGGLUTINATED by anti-A or anti-AB
-NO ENZYME

A

Ael

156
Q

Weak B
-Mixed-Field
-B-glycosyltransferase in serum but not in RBC membranes

A

B3

157
Q

Weak B
-WEAK AGGLUTINATION
NO ENZYME

A

Bx

158
Q

Weak B
-UNAGGLUTINATED
-ENZYME (SERUM)
-reduced activity of B enzyme

A

Bm

159
Q

Weak B
-UNAGGLUTINATED
-NO ENZYME
-mutation in exon 7

A

Bel

160
Q

Unexpected reactions in REVERSE GROUPING
weakly reacting or missing antibodies
Common populations: Newborns, Elderly Patients, Leukemia patients, Patients with immunosuppressive drugs

A

GROUP 1 DISCREPANCIES

161
Q

Unexpected reactions in FORWARD GROUPING
least encountered
Causes: Subgroups of A or B may be present, leukemias, Hodgkin’s

A

GROUP 2 DISCREPANCIES

162
Q

Discrepancies between FORWARD AND REVERSE
Caused by:protein or plasma proteins, rouleaux formation, pseudo agglutination
Multiple myeloma, Waldenstroms Macroglobulinemia, Hodgkin’s, Dextran, WHARTON’S JELLY

A

GROUP 3

163
Q

Discrepancies BETWEEN FORWARD AND REVERSE
MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS
cold reactive autoantibodies
Unexpected ABO isoagglutinins

A

Group 4

Blood Bank (2 decks)

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