P1 Flashcards
Usage of present simple
Habits and routines
Permanent or long term situations
Facts and general truths
Habits and routines
Present simple
Facts and general truths
Present simple
Permanent and long term situations
Present simple
Present continuous
Temporary situations
Activities in progress at the moment of speaking
Trends and changing habits
Active voice
The subject does the action
Passive voice
The subject receives the action
Future tenses used for predictions (4)
Will
Going to
Future continuous
Future perfect
Will used for predictions
Followed by “I think” or opinion words
Going to used for predictions
Used for predictions when we can see the cause of the event
Future continuous for predictions
Used to describe a situation in progress at a particular time in the future
Future perfect used for predictions
Looks back from a point in the future
Future tenses used for intention
Going to
Will
Going to used to express intention
Describe a present intention or plan. Something we have ALREADY DECIDED to do
Will used to express intention
Instant decisions made AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING
Future tenses used for fixed arrangements and timetables
Present continuous
Present perfect
Present continuous for fixed arrangements and timetables
Used to describe definite, fixed arrangements.
Social arrangements written in a diary
Relatively a fact, there’s organization behind it
Present simple used for fixed arrangements and timetables
Describe future events which are based on a timetable, programe or calendar
Doesn’t depend on me, there’s an authority
Present perfect simple
Completed actions that have a measurable result in the present, to emphasize the result of it.
A past action when the specific time is not stated and we want to emphasize it
Life experiences when the person is still living
Action or situation in a time that continues up to the moment of speaking
Actions with time expressions such as “today, this year/ week/ month” and that period of time is not finished at the moment of speaking
Present perfect continuous
A recent activity when we want to emphasize the process or duration of it. The result doesn’t matter
An activity that started in the past and may or may not be in progress at the moment of speaking
Narrative tenses
Past simple
Past continuous
Past perfect simple
Past perfect continuous
Used to
Would
Past simple
An event or sequence of events in the past. The past time is STATED or clear in the context
Past continuous
Activity or states that describe the background to past actions
Activities or situations that were in progress when another took place
Past perfect simple
Actions that took place at an earlier time than the main event in a narrative.
Past perfect continuous
Activity or state in progress before the main event took place
Used to
Habits and states that took place in the past but don’t happen now
Would
Habits that took place in the past but don’t happen now
State
Used to
Action
Used to
Would
Critical
inclined to criticize severely and unfavorably
Witty
Using words in a smart and funny way
Garrulous
Someone who talks a lot, specially about things that aren’t important
Impulsive
Someone who does things suddenly without planning
Conceited
Someone too proud of himself and his actions or abilities
Absent minded
Often forgets things or doesn’t pay attention to what’s happening near them cause they’re thinking about something else
Obstinate
Unreasonably determined to act in a particular way and not change at all despite what everyone says
Reserved
Someone who doesn’t talk about his feelings or thoughts
Punctual
Doing something at the expected time
Bossy
Someone who tells other what to do
Pessimistic
Someone who thinks that bad things are more likely to happen
Optimistic
Reliable
Someone who can be trusted
Sensitive
easily upset by the things people say or do
Sensible
having or using good judgment; reasonable
Possessive
Someone who doesn’t like sharing
Open-minded
Someone who’s willing to consider ideas and opinions that are new or different to your own
Bigoted
Someone who has strong and unreasonable beliefs end who doesn’t like people who think different
Bitchy
often talking unkindly about other people
Sociable
Sociable people like to meet and spend time with other people
A fuddy-duddy
Someone old fashioned and fussy
A pain in the neck
Someone hard to deal with
A gossip
Chismoso
