P - The cognitive approach to treating depression

Question 1

What does the cognitive approach refer to the people that are being treated as?

Answer 1

Clients rather than patients.

Question 2

What is CBT?

Answer 2

A combination of cognitive therapy (a way of changing maladaptive thoughts and beliefs) and behavioural therapy (a way of changing behaviour in response to these thoughts and beliefs).

Question 3

What are irrational thoughts/what is irrational thinking?

Answer 3

Irrational thinking is rigid and unrealistic and lacks internal consistency.

Question 4

What are rational thoughts/what is rational thinking?

Answer 4

Rational thinking is flexible and realistic, where beliefs are based on fact and logic.

Question 5

What was the earliest form of CBT that Ellis came up with?

Answer 5

REBT - rational emotional behavioural therapy.

Question 6

What did Ellis do to his ABC model during the discovery of CBT?

Answer 6

Added D, E and F.

Question 7

What did the D, E and F stand for that Ellis added into his ABC model of depression?

Answer 7

Disputing irrational thoughts and beliefs.
Effects of disputing and Effective attitude to life.
Feelings (emotions) that are produced.

Question 8

What does REBT focus on?

Answer 8

Challenging or disputing irrational thoughts/beliefs and replacing them with effective, rational beliefs.

Question 9

What are the 3 types of disputing?

Answer 9

Logical disputing
Empirical disputing
Pragmatic disputing

Question 10

What is logical disputing?

Answer 10

Self-defeating beliefs do not follow logically from the information available (e.g. ‘Does thinking in this way make sense?).

Question 11

What is empirical disputing?

Answer 11

Self-defeating beliefs may not be consistent with reality (e.g. ‘Where is the proof that this belief is accurate?’).

Question 12

What is pragmatic disputing?

Answer 12

Emphasises the lack of usefulness of self-defeating beliefs (e.g. ‘How is this belief likely to help me?).

Question 13

What does effective disputing change?

Answer 13

Self-defeating beliefs into more rational beliefs. The client can move from catastrophizing to more rational interpretations of events, helping them to feel better and eventually become more self-accepting.

Question 14

What are the principles of CBT?

Answer 14

Homework
Behavioural activation
Unconditional positive regard (UPR)

Question 15

Explain what homework is in CBT

Answer 15

Set patients tasks between sessions to challenge irrational beliefs and provide a basis for the next session - they must be accessible and agreed.

E.g. looking for a new job, keeping a diary etc.

Question 16

Explain what behavioural activation is in CBT

Answer 16

Activity is physiologically and psychologically rewarding, Any increase is helpful for recovery.

They may also have to deal with cognitive obstacles when doing so such as ‘I won’t be able to achieve that’.

Question 17

Explain what unconditional positive regard (UPR) is in CBT

Answer 17

Humanist principle that is part of all modern therapy. Patients who feel valued and trusted are more motivated.

The more respect and appreciation the therapist provides to the client regardless of what the client does or says, the more likely they are to change their beliefs/attitudes. (Basically, always give positive feedback!)