(P) Review of Literature Flashcards
What’s the next step of research making after having the research problem?
Search through the literature
- An account of what has been published on a topic by accredited scholars/authors and researchers
- A discussion of published/ unpublished information in a particular subject area, within a certain time period
- A description, an evaluation of the major theories, methodologies, and controversies in the scholarly literature on a subject
*
Literature review
TOF. Review of literature (ROL) from Wikipedia is not
acceptable.
T
TOF. It takes a few years to publish papers, so sometimes researchers borrow each other’s research for reference despite it being unpublished.
T
May be a self-contained unit, or a preface to and rationale for
engaging in a primary research
Literature
This states that the introduction to a topic should be able to catch people’s attention using only three paragraphs
3-paragraph rule
central focus of ROL
- examining/evaluating previous topics
- establish the relevance of the information to your research
TOF. The purpose of an ROL is to Identify what has been examined in the literature on a subject or ‘a gap in the literature’
F (has not)
What are the variables to look for in ROL
dependent, independent, and confounding variables
TOOLS FOR YOUR LITERATURE REVIEW
- PubMed, Google Scholar and Elicit
A. KNOWLEDGE MAPS
B. WRITING
C. LITERATURE SEARCH
C
TOOLS FOR YOUR LITERATURE REVIEW
- Research Rabbit, Connected papers, LitMaps
A. KNOWLEDGE MAPS
B. WRITING
C. LITERATURE SEARCH
A
TOOLS FOR YOUR LITERATURE REVIEW
- Grammarly, PaperPal, Quillbot
A. KNOWLEDGE MAPS
B. WRITING
C. LITERATURE SEARCH
D. CITATIONS
B
TOOLS FOR YOUR LITERATURE REVIEW
- Zotero, Mendeley, EndNote
A. KNOWLEDGE MAPS
B. WRITING
C. LITERATURE SEARCH
D. CITATIONS
D
TOOLS FOR YOUR LITERATURE REVIEW
- A free tool that lets you search the latest scholarly articles, documents, and books.
- A free AI that helps you find papers, extract data, summarize, brainstorm ideas, and more.
- A free tool by the NIH that supports the search and retrieval of biomedical and life sciences and literature.
A. PubMed
B. Google Scholar
C. Elicit
BAC
TOOLS FOR YOUR LITERATURE REVIEW
- A free literature review tool that visualizes the complex relationships in the literature.
- A visual tool to help researchers find and explore papers and trends relevant to their field of work.
- Helps you find articles and papers for your literature search. It generates a map of relevant articles related to your field of work.
A. Research Rabbit
B. Connected
Papers
C. LitMaps
ABC
TOOLS FOR YOUR LITERATURE REVIEW
- Helps academics write better, faster, with real-time suggestions for in-depth language and grammar correction.
- AI-powered paraphrasing tool that helps to rewrite, edit, and change the tone of their text to improve clarity.
- A writing assistant that checks for spelling, grammar, punctuation errors, and vocabulary usage.
A. Grammarly
B. PaperPal
C. Quillbot
BCA
TOOLS FOR YOUR LITERATURE REVIEW
- A powerful easy-to-use research tool that helps you organize, analyze and cite academic literature sources.
- A citation management tool that lets you collect and organize citations, and then easily insert them into documents.
- A personal citation /bibliography manager tool that helps researchers create bibliographies and format references in MS word.
A. Mendeley
B. Zotero
C. EndNote
BAC
VARIABLES IN RELATIONSHIP/ASSOCIATION STUDIE
- Affects the dependent variables, cause, exposure factor, risk factor
- Can stand alone
Independent
VARIABLES IN RELATIONSHIP/ASSOCIATION STUDIE
Affected by the independent variable, effect, outcome
Dependent
VARIABLES IN RELATIONSHIP/ASSOCIATION STUDIE
Extraneous or control variable
Confounders
There are other variables that can affect the dependent variable, that’s why we need to control these variables through?
confounders
- Diagrammatic representation of the hypothesis of relationship between independent and dependent variables
- This is the product of a review of literature; these variables can be represented using this kind of diagram.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This study look at association and relationships so it uses conceptual framework
Experimental studies
TOF. The confounding variables CAN affect the independent variable.
Possible (rarely) kaya T
In writing the review of literature, which is not considered:
A. Summarize the literature rather than just evaluating it
B. Compare and contrast sources to each other
C. Connect the literature to your research
D. Include some theoretical discussion about your chosen
methodology
E. Conclusion of your ROL should have the existing controversies
A (evaluate the literature rather than just summarizing it)
REVIEW OF LITERATURE IS NOT, EXCEPT:
A. Not a discussion of the pathophysiology of the disease
B. Not a discussion of the signs and symptoms.
C. Not an evaluation of literature
D. Not a write up of laboratory examinations to come up with
the diagnosis of the disease
E. Not copy and paste
C
- A summary and analysis of current knowledge about a particular topic or area of inquiry
- provides a summary of evidence derived mostly from primary studies
Literature review
This studies means that the researcher itself is the one who conducted the study; most RRLs are from primary studies
Primary studies
two primary ‘users’ of literature reviews
- Researchers
- Clinicians
A review of the literature helps researchers identify and
select pertinent ????? for study and also helps determine existing or conceptual relationships among the selected variables
Variables
TOF. Researchers need to review past work to avoid repeating it.
MALAMNG
TOF. The proponents build both the context and case for conducting
a pertinent investigation.
F (reporters sister)
SELECTING WHERE TO SEARCH
- used in formulating a review of the literature are original research articles, graduate theses and dissertations, conference abstracts and research reports
- Most experts would agree that peer-reviewed original research articles appearing in reputable scientific journals should form the core of any good literature review
primary source (of knowledge)
SELECTING WHERE TO SEARCH
- Do not involve original research, but usually serve to summarize or synthesize existing primary sources.
- found in professional journals include systematic reviews and meta-analyses, decision analyses, practice guidelines, consensus statements and journalistic reviews/ overviews.
- Outside the journal literature, books and book chapters
secondary source materials
SELECTING WHERE TO SEARCH
- Largest and fastest growing source of information.
- As a resource for serious research, the internet has been compared to a massive library with hundreds of millions of free-standing documents (including personal pages, hate literature, and pornography) strewn in random piles throughout its stacks, with neither a catalog nor librarian to guide you.
- It can be a source of useful information.
- To do so you must become an expert in searching and be willing to spend the extra time needed to sift through and evaluate the quality of thousands of pages of documents.
Internet
Most literature indices and databases are structured using
controlled vocabularies of terms that may or may not correspond to those on your list. Thus, the first step in your search should be to compare your initial list of terms to those provided by the database(s) you have selected.
This process is called??
Mapping
All of the 12+ million journal citations in the Medline medical
literature database are indexed using this
MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH)
This provides a consistent way to retrieve information that may use different words for the same
concepts
MeSH terminology
MeSH consists of four related publications
- a regularly published alphabetical and hierarchical listing of terms
- an alphabetic listing includes notes for indexers, catalogers, and searchers, as well as historical information for assistance in searching the earlier online files
- a hierarchical listing of the MeSH vocabulary
- a listing of each significant
word or root appearing in any MeSH heading or printed cross-reference
A. MeSH Annotated Alphabetic List
B. MeSH Supplement to Index Medicus®
C. Permuted MeSH
D. MeSH Tree Structures
BADC
COMBINING KEYWORDS/DESCRIPTORS
(BOOLEAN LOGIC)
- to expand your search to citations indexed any of two or more key terms; best place to start when you have multiple database terms with similar meanings
- to narrow your search to citations indexed simultaneously under two or more key terms
- to exclude from your search results any citations indexed under the specified keyword or term
A. BOOLEAN OR
B.BOOLEAN NOT
C. BOOLEAN AND
ACB
MODIFYING YOUR SEARCH STRATEGY
- You know you are getting too much information when the
number of articles retrieved is huge (thousands) and many of
the titles or abstracts indicate content not directly related to
your specific area of inquiry - The narrower search on ‘Radiography, Interventional’ would
result in fewer and more pertinent titles
A. NARROWING YOUR SEARCH
B. USE MORE SPECIFIC TERMS
AB
SELECTING, RETRIEVING, AND STORING YOUR SOURCE
DOCUMENTS
- Typically, a good manual system involves creating a ‘mini’ catalog of alphabetized and cross-referenced index cards that provide the full citation for each document, a summary abstract, pertinent keywords and any notes or comments you wish to maintain
- With most electronic databases now providing ready access
to abstracts in addition to article citations, you can use this
information as a preliminary screen to determine the
relevance of the source material
A. SELECTING SOURCE DOCUMENTS
B. ORGANIZING YOUR SOURCE DOCUMENTS
BA
ABSTRACTING AND EVALUATING/CRITIQUING YOUR SOURCE DOCUMENTS
- should at least summarize the
method and findings in a way that is most germane to your own needs and interests - your review includes original research, you must also critique each research article according to some standards of quality
A. ABSTRACTING
B. EVALUATING
AB
BASIC OUTLINE HELFUL IN ORGANIZING A RESEARCH-BASED LITERATURE REVIEW
- Narrow focus to problem area; provide clear statement of the problem or issue; Delineate research trends related to problem/issue
- Clearly identify your data sources; Delineate the number of studies screened versus those included
- Provide a meaningful organizing framework; Evaluate the validity of each study’s finding; Highlight conclusive or controversial or conflicting findings
- Draw inferences regarding implications of findings; our conclusion of the review of related literature states the area where studies can be conducted
A. INTEGRATE AND SYNTHESIZE YOUR FINDINGS
B. REVIEW THE MAJOR STUDIES WITH IMPACT ON THE PROBLEM
OR ISSUE
C. DESCRIBE THE METHODS USED TO FIND AND SELECT CHOSE
LITERATURE
D. IDENTIFY YOUR TOPIC/ISSUE PROBLEM AREA
DCBA
