(P) Research Design (NOT DONE)

Question 1

TOF. When the RRL to know the extent of the knowledge present on the chosen topic is done, research design should be determined.

Answer 1

F (problem -> RRL -> objectives -> research design)

Question 2

• a specific plan or protocol for conducting the study, which allows the investigator to translate the conceptual hypothesis into an operational one
• the methodology that will be used to answer or fulfill the objectives of the study
• allows the investigator to translate the conceptual hypothesis into an operational hypothesis

Answer 2

Study design

Question 3

• What is drawn in doing an analytical study?
• connect the relationships and variables
• allows the transformation of
  this into an operational one

Answer 3

Conceptual framework

Question 4

• NOT the method of collecting the data
• describes how to go about solving the problem, and describes what will be done to answer the research question

Answer 4

RESEARCH DESIGN

Question 5

RESEARCH DESIGN COMPONENTS AND SEQUENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION

Fix the sequence

A. Processing and analysis of data
B. Assessment or observation of variables
C. Selection and classification or assignment of subjects
D. Choice of study population

Answer 5

DCBA

Any type of study design should include all of these components as a basis of completion.

Question 6

CLASSIFICATIONS OF BASIC RESEARCH DESIGNS

• An inquiry into the nature of an unknown phenomenon or the occurrence of an event.
• It seeks to know the characteristics of the phenomenon event and categorize it into some descriptive variables.
• It DOES NOT EXPLAIN RELATIONSHIPS but seeks knowledge for better understanding of the nature of the subject of the study.
• It describes or documents the distribution of different diseases and the groups of populations most affected in terms of place, person, and time characteristics.
• It also measures the extent of relative importance of the different health problems within subgroups in a community and between communities.
• this identifies possible determinants, problems, and risk factors which could be used as bases for hypothesis formulation and subject to further analytic studies.

Answer 6

DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

generates hypothesis and it is simple
and inexpensive

Question 7

TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

• Describes characteristics and clinical features of a single patient (case report) or a group of patients with similar manifestations (case series);
• A case report can be documented on a sheet of paper for an individual patient, while a case series, depicting a group of patients with similar manifestations, can also be compiled on a single sheet of paper
• Patients in a case series may occur in a relatively short
  period of time

Answer 7

Case reports or Case series

Question 8

Case reports or Case series

Cases which may NOT be considered:

• Very rare conditions
• Epidemiologically unusual.
• As part of surveillance and investigation activities
• Aggregate studies

Answer 8

• Aggregate studies

Question 9

TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

• Also known as correlational studies or aggregate studies.
• The unit of analysis is some aggregate of individuals and not individual persons. In short, we study the subjects as a
  unit—whole community, one region, one country, etc.

Answer 9

Ecologic studies

Question 10

TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Also known as prevalence studies.

Answer 10

Cross-sectional studies

Question 11

• You choose your study population, and from the study
  population you pick your sample or subjects which will be the
  focus of the study according to place, person, and kind

Answer 11

SCHEMA OF DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Question 12

CLASSIFICATIONS OF BASIC RESEARCH DESIGNS

• Designed to test a hypothesis of relationship.
• You need to have a drawing of the conceptual framework
• Whenever we associate, we make use of this
• Test the hypothesis of relationship between, at
  minimum, two variables, one independent variable
  (exposure) and one dependent variable (disease)

Answer 12

ANALYTIC STUDIES

Question 13

TYPES OF ANALYTIC STUDIES

Answer 13

1. Observational
2. Experimental

Question 14

TYPES OF ANALYTIC STUDIES

A. Observational
B. Experimental

1. The researcher has the free hand to manipulate the situation
2. No modification was made
3. Cross-sectional
4. Cohort
5. Randomization
6. Case-control

Answer 14

BABBAB

Question 15

Terminologies
A. Outcome
B. Exposed
C. Unexposed
D. Cases
E. Controls

1. Being a smoker or having sex with someone who has an STI
2. Individuals that are disease negative
3. Individuals that are disease positive
4. Health related event of interest—for example, death, having an STD, or having AIDS
5. Not having, or being exposed to, a potential cause or risk factor for
   disease or another outcome

Answer 15

BEDAC