P&P 1-5 Flashcards
The 4 main components of the speech mechanism
- airstream process
- phonation process
- oro-nasal process
- articulatory process
How can speech sounds differ from each other?
- pitch
- loudness
- quality
Define: labial, coronal, dosrsal
Speech gestures using:
1. lips
2. tip or blade
3. back of the tongue
Suprasegmentals
Features super-imposed on syllables e.g.
1. stress,
2. Frequency, pitch, tone
3. Intonation
active vs passive articulators
Active: the lower surface of the vocal tract (actually move)
Passive: upper surface of the VT (do not move)
bilabial gestures
p, b, m
labiodental
f, v
dental
θ/, /ð/
alveolar
t, d, s, z, ɹ
retroflex
ɳ ʈ ɖ ʂ ʐ ɻ ɽ - curly indicates retroflex
palato-alveolar
ʃ, ʒ
palatal
j
velar
k, g, x,
glottal
h, ?
w
Two places o articulation: velar (primary) and bilabial (secondary - rounding of the lips)
Phonology
descriptions of systems and patterns of sounds that occur - distributions of sounds in words (phonemic inventory, distribution, alternation)
Acoustic vs Auditory
The structure of sounds e.g. frequency analysis VS How sounds are perceived
Phonemic
a sound used to differentiate words (aka distinctive, contrastive)
Heed vowel
i
Hid vowel
I
Hayed vowel
eI
Head vowel
ɛ
Had vowel
æ
Hard vowel
ɑ (= to ɒ in AmE)