(P) Lec 1: INTRO TO VIROLOGY Flashcards
1st written record of a virus infection consists of a ____________ from ______________ depecting ______________
Hieroglyph
Memphis, Egypt
Siptah
A temple priest showing typical clinical signs of paralytic.
Siptah
“Viro”
Virus
“Logy”
Study
Branch of microbiology that deals and focuses on the study of viruses.
VIROLOGY
What is studied in virology?
ALL ABOUT VIRUS
Properties
Structures
Classification
Pathogenicity
Their ways in causing diseases
Multiplication cycle
Ancient writing which usually comes from Egypt.
Hieroglyph
Where does Hieroglyph is written? (Medium)
Stone
Hieroglyph can be the mode of communication in Egypt in the ancient times. (T or F)
TRUE
The very first recorded viral infection according to history was
POLIOVIRUS (POLIOMYELITIS)
POLIOMYELITIS targets the _______________, that is why the signs and symptoms focuses on the ____________ side.
Central Nervous System
Paralytic
Small Pox is caused by the ___________.
Pox virus or Poxviridae
In 1196 BC, he is believed to have died/ succumbed to SMALLPOX.
Pharoh Ramses V
In 1196, pustular lesions on the face of the mummy & those of more past patients are being compared. (T or F)
FALSE (recent patients)
Very first attempt for vaccination process.
Variolation
Difference of variolation with vaccination.
Variolation is targeted specifically on small pox.
In 1000 BC ___________ was endemic in China in response , the practice of ____________ was developed.
Small Pox
Variolation
In 1000 BC, those who acquire small pox also acquires lesions, as it is acquired by inhilation of powderized small pox lesion. Then, the Chinese people gets the lesion, then they dry it out and powderized it which is inhaled by the population which develops the practice of Variolation. (T or F)
TRUE
In 1976, he was one of the first recipient of a vaccine, wherein a dried cowpox material is injected on him.
James Phipps (8 years old)
What is the date wherein e JAMES PHIPPS (8-yr old) using cowpox infected material of Sarah
Nemes (milkmaid)?
May 14, 1796
She was infected by a cowpox infected material which comes from James Phipps.
Sarah Nemes
What is the date wherein Edward Jenner challenged the boy by deliberately inoculating him with
material from a real case of smallpox?
July 1, 1796
____________ challenged James Phipps by deliberately inoculating him with a material from a real case ___________.
Edward Jenner
Small pox
General Characteristics of Viruses
- OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITES
- Possess their own genomes
- Do not grow in artificial culture media
- Small infectious units (measured in nanometer; about 20 –300 nm in diameter)
Viruses requires a ____________ to survive.
Living cell
Genetic elements of a virus
DNA
RNA
Viruses only contains one genetic material. NEVER BOTH which helps to differentiate with other microorganism. (T or F)
TRUE
Genetic elements that can replicate only inside a ____________.
Living cell
It is needed for genetic elements or viruses can replicate.
Living cell
Viruses are dependent on the ____________ for energy, metabolic intermediates, and protein synthesis
Host cell
What will happen if virus is outside the cell?
It dries out causing them to die.
- As it requires them a living cell to survive which happens in genetic replication.
Viruses do not grow in an artificial media, but they grow in __________, ___________, and ____________.
Grow in cell culture, chick embryo, animals
If viruses will grow in vitro (in lab), then viruses will be identified by a _____________.
Cell culture line
Viruses is measure using a ___________
Nanometer
Size of a virus in diameter
20-300nm
It is the one that can be used to examine or study the viruses.
Electron Microscope
It is required for the direct examination of the viruses wherein the virus or virus’ structure can be seen.
Electron microscope
Bright field microscope can be used to examine viruses. (T or F)
TRUE
In a bright field microscope, we are INDIRECTLY examining it. As we only see the cell changes in the virus, and it changes as it is affected by a virus.
Cell change in the virus requires a _____________.
Live cell
Cell change that happens in a virally infected host cell.
Cytopathic effect (CPE)
Cytopathic effect (CPE) is a cell change that happens in a ____________.
Virally infected host cell
CPE cannot be seen using a brightfield microscope. (T or F)
FALSE (can)
Ex: agent of a chicken pox (Varicella Zoster Virus which causes ballooning of cells) which indicates the infection of a small pox.
Smallest animal virus
Parvovirus
Largest animal virus
Pox virus