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HSC Ancient History > P & H > Flashcards

P & H Flashcards

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1
Q

Thermopoleum

A

Take away food bar

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2
Q

Lararium

A

Household shrine

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3
Q

Macellum

A

Market within the forum

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4
Q

Mensa Ponderaria

A

Table of weights and measures

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5
Q

Triclinium

A

Roman dining room where people would lie down to eat

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6
Q

Evidence of economy activity.

A
  • wall paintings and reliefs
  • workshops and shops
  • Macellum
  • Table of W & M
  • Manufactured items
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7
Q

Nature of economic activity in Pompeii.

A
  • Mostly thriving due to large population

- many under pressure/decline shortly before 79AD

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8
Q

Nature of economic activity in Herculaneum.

A
  • Wealthy resident mixed with lower class employed by service industry
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9
Q

Exports.

A
  • garum (fish sauce)
  • pottery
  • wool
  • wine
  • terra cotta tiles
    Evidence found in France, Spain and North Africa.
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10
Q

Features of the Macellum.

A
  • Local farmers acted in trade

- Table of W & M found built into the Temple of Apollo

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11
Q

Features of Industries.

A
  • Largely agricultural and allied industries

- Regions produced wheat, wool, grapes and fish which was turned into bread, textiles, wine and garum.

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12
Q

Features of Commerce.

A
  • Local commerce took place around the town

- Main macellum was found in the forum.

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13
Q

Features of Bakeries.

A
  • Dietary staple
  • Around 35 found within Pompeii and 2 in Herculaneum
  • All bakeries had millstones and wood fire ovens
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14
Q

Roman social mobility.

A

1) Nobles: senators
2) Eqites: knights less nobles
3) Plebs: common people
4) Freeman
5) Slaves

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15
Q

Social status.

A
  • Based on legal status which was defined by Roman law

- Distinction between those who were free and non-free

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16
Q

Women of society.

A
  • Women from wealthy families would be educated and could own their own property
  • Women could not vote but could take part in business and public life.
  • Women were held in high esteem
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17
Q

Slaves within society.

A
  • Vital aspect of Roman society
  • They were either born into it or captured during war
  • Slaves could buy their freedom.
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18
Q

Bathing within society.

A
  • Significant aspect of everyday life
  • Public and private baths found in both P & H
  • Considered social activity
  • Enjoyed by all social classes
  • Men and women separate.
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19
Q

Bath houses consisted of:

A
  • Changing room (apodyterium)
  • Hot bath (Caldarium) = think Coldren
  • Warm bath (Tepidarium) = think tempered
  • Cold bath (Frigidarium) = think fridge
  • Some contained a small polastra (gymnasium/grass area)
20
Q

Entertainment within society.

A
  • Blood sports
  • Prostitution
  • Sports
  • Theatres
  • Gambling
  • Exercise
  • Water sports
  • Health
21
Q

Political life:

Aedile-

A
  • Responsible for physical up keep of city
  • Maintenance of public area
  • Supervisor of market
22
Q

Political life:

Duumrir-

A
  • Senior magistracy

- admin local finances and handled local court cases

23
Q

Political life:

Quinquennial Duumvir-

A
  • Conducted census

- Reviewing the ordo decurionum, naming new members etc.

24
Q

Features of the forum:

A
  • Table of W&M
  • Macellum
  • Eumachia
  • Temples: Apollo, Jupiter, Genius of Augustus and Lares.
  • Basilica
  • Other government buildings
25
Q

Temple of Apollo:

A
  • Biggest in forum
  • Most important
  • Portico connected to forum
26
Q

Temple of Jupiter:

A
  • Built in 2nd century
27
Q

Temple of Genius of Augustus:

A
  • Built by public priestess, Mamia

- Customary in the emperial cult

28
Q

Temple of Lares:

A
  • Housed statues of members of the imperial cult
29
Q

Public economic buildings.

A
  • Macellum

- Eumachia

30
Q

Public government buildings.

A
  • Basilica

- Council chamber

31
Q

Features of private roman house.

A
  • Fauces (door)
  • “cave canem” (beware of dog)
  • Lararium (household shrine)
  • Atrium (entrance hall)
  • Compluvium (hole in roof)
  • Impluvium (holds water under ^)
  • Alae (portrait room)
  • Tabliniurn (reception room)
  • Peristyle (inner courtyard)
  • Triclinium (formal dining)
  • Cubiculan (bedroom)
  • Oecus (family room)
  • Culina (Kitchen)
32
Q

Influence of Greek and Egyptian culture:

Cosmopolitan

A
  • Cosmopolitan society, meaning cultural influences from other cultures
  • Greek influence was widespread and integrated
  • Egyptian culture also present
33
Q

Influence of Greek and Egyptian culture:

Art

A
  • Influenced by Greek and Egyptian culture

- Stylistically similar, focusing on athletics and ideal form.

34
Q

Influence of Greek and Egyptian culture:

Architecture

A
  • Doric
  • Ionic
  • Corinthian
35
Q

Influence of Greek and Egyptian culture:

Drama

A
  • Comedy
  • Tragedy
  • Satyr
36
Q

Influence of Greek and Egyptian culture:

Religion

A
  • Deeply religious
  • Household ceremonies and worship common, as well as public displays
  • Foreign cults important to both P&H
37
Q

Religion:

Household

A
  • Private household had their own lararia
  • Father of household would gather family and servants in order to conduct ceremonies.
  • ## Other occasions such as birthdays, weddings and coming of age’s were celebrated
38
Q

Religion:

Temples

A
  • Held images of the Gods and Goddesses and the items associated with them
  • Carried out rituals and ceremonies conducted by priests
39
Q

Religion:

Tombs

A
  • Dead were buried outside of the city walls and there would be streets of graves
  • Cremated dead
  • Wealthy Romans would have Exedra (tombs with benches) around so people could morn.
40
Q

Changing interpretation - Tech and research:

Destruction of the 62AD earthquake

A
  • Caused significant damage
  • Important public and private buildings were still damaged before eruption
  • Theory that some houses were turned into workshops
41
Q

Changing interpretation - Tech and research:

Human remains reveal about the eruption

A
  • Most people were healthy (besides gum and teeth problems)
42
Q

Changing interpretation - Tech and research:

Deaths

A
  • Herculaneum incinerated in comparison to Pompeii which suffocated due to gases and ash.
    Evidence provided by remains of bones in Herculaneum.
43
Q

Condition of sites:

Main risks

A
  • Atmosphere pollution and other anthropogenic causes
  • Natural disaster
  • Looting
  • Unsympathetic urban and infrastructural planning
  • Inadequate site management and conservation
  • over excavation
  • tourism
44
Q

Condition of sites:

Poor restoration work

A
  • non-specialised tradesman
  • collapsed building roofs
  • water drainage and rising damp
  • fresco damage due to wrong materials
45
Q

Condition of sites:

Damage from surrounding nature

A
  • weeds growing in walls, roofs etc

- tree roots raising the ground and walls

46
Q

Condition of sites:

Environmental factors

A
  • earthquake and volcanic activity
  • sunlight and exposure to elements
  • wildlife
47
Q

Condition of sites:

Poor site protection

A
  • theft
  • surrounding areas/gangs
  • no strict rules and laws surrounding the site

HSC Ancient History (2 decks)

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