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HSC Ancient History > EGYPT: NEW KINGDOM DURING THE RAMESSIDE PERIOD - XIX & XX > Flashcards

EGYPT: NEW KINGDOM DURING THE RAMESSIDE PERIOD - XIX & XX Flashcards

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1
Q

The geographical environment:

Upper Egypt

A
  • South area from the first cataract (south of Memphis)

- Upper = inland of the Nile

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2
Q

The geographical environment:

Lower Egypt

A
  • Lower Egypt area from Memphis to the sea + delta region

- Lower = where the Nile meets the sea

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3
Q

The geographical environment:

Red Land

A
  • Located on the edge pf the Sahara desert. An arid and dangerous region
  • Hostile environment but contains many resources that provide work
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4
Q

The geographical environment:

The Black Land

A
  • Stripe of fertile land running along the Nile river
  • Annual flooding provided crops with millions of tons of rich and fertile soil
  • Nile provides drinking water, irrigation, food, mud, transport and papyrus
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5
Q

The geographical environment:

Nile Delta

A
  • Splits into many rivulets in the lower Egypt
  • Largely agricultural region
  • Climate is more pleasant
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6
Q

Significant sites:

Pi-Ramesses

A
  • Per-Ramesses (House of Ramesses)
  • Built new capital by Ramesses 2
  • Location to deal with the ongoing tension with vassal kingdom and empire in the north
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7
Q

Significant sites:

Memphis

A
  • Old/middle Kingdom Capitol
  • Located at apex of delta, made it central for trade, admin etc
  • Tombs of many noble officers built nearby
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8
Q

Significant sites:

Thebes

A
  • Religious capital for NK (besides Amarna period)
  • Amus worship in temple of Karnak and Luxor
  • Import festivals held here
  • Dominated by temples
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9
Q

Significant sites:

Ramesseum

A
  • Mortuary temple of Ramesses 2
  • Used as a palace during his life
  • Contains images and sources of his life
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10
Q

Significant sites:

Medinet Habu

A
  • Temples of Ramesses 3
  • Inspired by the Ramesseum
  • Artwork reveals evidence of the trouble that may have lead to assassination.
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11
Q

Significant sites:

Valley of the Kings

A
  • Most royal burials in NK period including pharaohs of Remesside period.
  • Est. along with the abandonment of pyramid tombs
  • Provides insight into burial customs and traditions.
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12
Q

Significant sites:

Valley of the Queens

A
  • South of Valley of the Kings

- burial of important royal wives

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13
Q

Significant sites:

Dier el Medina

A
  • Village of tomb builders and their families
  • Between VK and Vq
  • Many villages were literate
  • written evidence of everyday life for Egyptians and information on burial customs and beliefs
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14
Q

Significant sites:

Abu Simbel

A
  • two rock-cut temples in Nubia
  • Built by Ramesses 2 to glorify self
  • serves as propaganda to Nubians
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15
Q

Egyptian society.

A

1) Royal family
2) Nobility
3) Middle class
4) Artisans
5) Peasants

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16
Q

The role and image of the pharaoh

A
  • The warrior
  • Maintainer of Me’at
  • Administrator
  • Regalia
17
Q

Role of the army

A
  • source of national pride and propaganda
  • maintains order through fear
  • defence
  • build empire and protects
18
Q

Nature of army

A
  • 20,000 soldiers
  • organized and modern
  • standing army
  • adopted foreigner technology
  • usually 4 divisions
19
Q

Different royal women

A
  • The harem
  • The great royal wife
  • Mother of the god
  • Diplomatic wives
  • Sister/daughters
20
Q

Non-royal women status

A
  • A women’s social status reflected that of their father or husband
  • social mobility was available for women
  • Generally regarded highly of by men
  • could inherit their own wealth, divorce husbands and own slaves.
21
Q

The Economy:

Importance of the Nile

A
  • its predictable cycle has been essential to the success of the Egyptians since the earliest farmers
  • Allowed them to develop agricultural practice, support domestic animals and for transportation.
22
Q

The Economy:

Nilometer

A
  • flood water levels are monitored by priests and scribes

- depth of water impacted the amount of tax placed on the people

23
Q

The Economy:

Irrigation

A
  • Farmers used various devices to water crops

- Irrigation canals dispersed the water through fields.

24
Q

The Economy:

3T’s?

A

Tax
Tribute
Trade

25
Q

Afterlife and Burial:

Features of the soul

A
  • Khet: the physical body
  • Ka: the persons life force which needed the body
  • Ba: the personality was free to roam
  • Name
  • Shadow
26
Q

Afterlife and Burial:

4 different goals

A

1) Go to the field of Reeds (Aaru)
2) Travel with Ra on his solar boat
3) Rome the land of the living
4) Become Osiris (only if you were the pharaoh)

27
Q

Afterlife and Burial:

Conditions of eternal life

A
  • must have preserved the mortal body
  • need to pass the weighing of the heart ceremony
  • Needs to know the magic spells
  • be buried with the things that will be needed for the afterlife
28
Q

Afterlife and Burial:

Duat

A
  • the underworld

- inhabited by various Gods, such as Osiris, Anubis, Thoth, Ammit, Isis and many deities and monsters.

29
Q

Afterlife and Burial:

WOTH (Weighing of the heart)

A
  • achieving eternal life
  • ultimate judgment of the deceased
  • must plead not guilty to numerous charges that were presented.
30
Q

Afterlife and Burial:

Burial goods

A
  • food and drink
  • furniture
  • tools and weapons
  • shabti and weapons
  • magic bricks
  • leisure activities
  • jewellery
  • statues
  • amulets
  • oils/perfumes/cosmetics
31
Q

Afterlife and Burial:

Purpose of the tomb

A
  • a home for the Khet and Ka
  • a store room for burial goods
  • a surface for religious texts
32
Q

Afterlife and Burial:

Royal tombs

A
  • strictly religious sense where painted on the walls
33
Q

Afterlife and Burial:

Common tombs

A
  • while religious sense, they also painted everyday life and their life.
34
Q

Temple features and functions:

Uses

A
  • religious worship
  • propaganda
  • political announcements
  • business enterprise
35
Q

Temple features and functions:

Cult of the Pharaoh

A
  • most pharaohs would construct a mortuary temple so that they could be worshiped during the afterlife.
  • temples were constructed on the west of the Nile in the Theban necropolis near the VK

HSC Ancient History (2 decks)

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