P&B Chapter 22

Question 1

What is the primary type of data collection for ethnographic studies?

Answer 1

primarily aberration and interviews, plus artifacts, documents, photographs, genealogies, maps, social network diagrams

Question 2

What is the primary type of data collection for phenomenological studies?

Answer 2

primarily in-depth interviews, sometimes diaries, other written materials

Question 3

What is the primary type of data collection for grounded theory studies?

Answer 3

primarily individual interviews, sometimes group interviews, observation, participant journals, documents

Question 4

What are some field issues in qualitative studies? (4 things)

Answer 4

1. gaining trust
2. the pace of data collection
3. emotional involvement with participants
4. reflexivity (researcher’s awareness of themselves as part of the data they are collecting)

Question 5

T/F: Researchers need to plan ahead for how data will be recorded and stored

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Name the types of qualitative self-reports (10)

Answer 6

1. unstructured interviews
2. semistructured interviews
3. focus group interviews
4. joint interviews (2 or more people interviewed together)
5. Life histories (narrative self-disclosures about individual life experiences)
6. oral histories (personal recollection of events and their perceived causes and consequences; focus on themes rather than individuals)
7. Critical incidents (gather information about human behavior by examining specific incidents)
8. Diaries and journals
9. The Think-aloud method (use audio recording to record responses to decisions as they are being made)
10. Photo elicitation interviews (interview stimulated by photographic images)
11. self-report narratives on the internet (chat rooms or just analyzing what people have posted)

Question 7

What are the steps in gathering qualitative self-report data? (3)

Answer 7

1. prepare for the interview
2. conduct the interview
3. postinterview procedures

Question 8

Necessary aspects for consideration in unstructured observational data (7)

Answer 8

1. physical setting
2. participants
3. activities and interactions
4. frequency and duration
5. precipitating factors
6. organization
7. intangible factors

Question 9

Observations that tend to be broad and helps observers figure out what is going on

Answer 9

descriptive observations

Question 10

observations that are more carefully selected events and interactions

Answer 10

focused observations

Question 11

Observations that are the most highly focused, and are undertaken to facilitate comparisons between categories or activities

Answer 11

selective observations

Question 12

____ positioning means staying in a single location for a period of time to observe; ____ positioning involves moving around the site to observe behaviors from different locations; ______ positioning involves following a person throughout a given activity or period

Answer 12

single
multiple
mobile

Question 13

Types of field notes: reflections about observational strategies

Answer 13

methodologic notes

Question 14

Types of field notes: researchers thoughts about how to make sense of what is going on

Answer 14

theoretical notes (or analytic)

Question 15

Types of field notes: comments about researchers own feelings in the field

Answer 15

personal notes