P&B Ch2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the predominant peripheral blood leukocyte in rats?
A
Lymphocyte
2
Q
True or False: Female rats have lower total leukocyte counts?
A
True
3
Q
Polyploidy is a common morphological feature in ______ animals.
A
Adult
4
Q
What is a common liver manifestation of decreased or absence of food intake?
A
Marked atrophy of hepatic cords
5
Q
When is proteinuria normal in rats?
A
During tubular production of alpha globulins
6
Q
When is proteinuria abnormal in rats?
A
When serum proteins are lost
7
Q
Do rat bones possess Haversian systems?
A
No
8
Q
True or False: Hematopoiesis in long bones stops at 6 months?
A
False - remains active throughout life
9
Q
True or False: Rats have more extensive splenic hematopoiesis than mice.
A
False - it may indicate disease in rats
10
Q
What accumulates in splenic macrophages throughout life, especially in breeding females?
A
hemosiderin
11
Q
What type of cells in the respiratory epithelium are unique to rats?
A
Serous cells
12
Q
Who has the larger adrenals – male or female rats?
A
Females
13
Q
Do young or old male rats have epithelial megalokaryocytes of the exorbital lacrimal glands?
A
Old
14
Q
True or False: The wild rat cytomegalovirus is antigenically similar to mouse cytomegalovirus.
A
False - distinct
15
Q
Name the 3 major genetic/antigenic groups of rat parvoviral infections.
A
- Kilham’s rat virus (RV)
- Toolan’s H-1
- Rat Parvovirus (RPV)
16
Q
Which rat parvoviruses cause naturally occurring disease?
A
Kilham’s rat virus (RV)
17
Q
What are the clinical signs for RV?
A
- Dyspnea
- ruffled hair coat
- muscular weakness
- cyanotic scrotum
18
Q
Hemorrhages in hepatocytes, bone marrow, cerebrum, cerebellar cortex, kidney, lung, genital tract are due to what process?
A
Endothelial cell and megakaryocyte damage associated with RV replication in these tissues
19
Q
Why might dogs and cats have intestinal mucosal lesions due to parvo infection and not rats?
A
This is likely due to a lack of viral receptors on rat enterocytes
20
Q
Besides SDAV, what other virus is in the coronavirus grouping?
A
Parker’s Rat Coronavirus
21
Q
The reparative stages of SDAV begin when?
A
7-10 days post-exposure
22
Q
The majority of the SDAV repair is complete by what day postexposure?
A
14 days post-exposure
23
Q
The genus Hantavirus belongs to which family?
A
Family Bunyaviridae
24
Q
Which two syndromes represent the 2 major lineages of hantaviruses?
A
- Hemorrhagic Fever and Renal Syndrome (HFRS)
- Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
25
Humans are what type of host for hantaviruses?
incidental
26
Compare the clinical signs of a rat and a human infected with hantaan virus.
**The rat produces no clinical evidence of disease.**
**_Human cases of HFRS_**: fever, thrombocytopenia, capillary leakage resulting in myalgia, headache, petechiation, with prominent retroperitoneal and renal hemorrhage.
**_Human cases of HPS_**: fever, capillary leakage localized to lungs. Death occurs from shock and cardiac complications.
27
The paramyxovirus, Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM), infects which species?
**Mice, Rats, Hamsters, Gerbils**
28
The acute multifocal nonsuppurative vasculitis and interstitial alveolities with necrosis and BALT hyperplasia of PVM results in what clinical signs?
None
29
True or False: A rat may become infected with the paramyxovirus, Sendai virus, from a hamster?
True
30
Is the Sendai virus an upper or lower respiratory disease?
Both - it replicates and causes lesions in the upper and lower tract.
31
What are the obvious clinical signs of Sendai?
None - asymptomatic
32
Rotavirus causes diarrhea in suckling rats 24-36 hours post infection. The rats continue to nurse despite intestinal villus attenuation and necrosis of enterocytes. What is pathognomonic for Infectious Diarrhea of Infant Rats (IDIR) and in which intestinal region are changes most evident?
* **Epithelial syncytia are pathognomonic**
* Changes are most evident in the _ileal region_.
33
Do rats react to reoviral infection as mice do?
No - rats may seroconvert, but do not develop disease.
34
Describe the morphology of the etiologic agent of Tyzzers. Include gram staining, ability for spore formation, intra or extracellular.
***Clostridium piliforme*** is a filamentous, weakly Gram-negative, spore-forming, obligate intracellular bacterium
35
For how long may the Tyzzer’s bacillus remain infectious in contaminated bedding?
one year
36
What is the typical age for Tyzzer’s enterohepatic disease outbreaks in rats?
post weaning
37
What is the term used for marked dilation of the rat terminal small intestine? Does it always occur with Tyzzer’s?
**megaloileitis**
No, it does not always occur in with Tyzzer's (enteritis may be evident only at the microscopic level)
38
Besides the ileum, what other regions of the rat GI tract may be affected in Tyzzer’s?
**jejunum and cecum**
39
Foci of necrosis for Tyzzer's in a rat may be found on what other organs besides the GI tract?
Liver and heart
40
Describe the ileal necrosis of Tyzzer’s in rats.
Necrotizing transmural ileitis, with segmental involvement of affected areas; necrosis and sloughing of enterocytes.
41
Infiltrating inflammatory cells in Tyzzer's disease in rats are primarily which cells?
Mononuclear cells
42
What stains are used to demonstrate the bundles of slender *Clostridium* bacilli in the cytoplasm of enterocytes in ileal lesions, in hepatocytes surrounding necrotic foci, and myocardial lesions?
Giemsa, Wartharn-Starry, PAS stains
43
How is Tyzzer’s diagnosed in rats?
Confirmation requires the demonstration of the typical organisms in tissue sections. The triad of organs is useful. A single isolate as antigen may not detect seroconversions among different host species due to significant antigenic heterogeneity.
44
True or False: *Helicobacter typhlonius* and *H. rodentium* cause significant typhlitis and colitis in immunocompetent rats.
False - There is no convincing evidence that any of the Helicobacter isolates produce disease in immunocompetent rats
45
Which enrichment medium is often used to isolate *Salmonella*?
**Selenite broth**
46
What is the usual role of *Bordella bronchiseptica* in rats?
Opportunistic infection rather than primary pathogen
47
Species susceptible to Cilia-Associated Respiratory (CAR) Bacillus infection include:
a. Rats
b. Pigs
c. Cattle
d. Rabbits
e. All of the above
e - all of the above
48
Describe the morphology of CAR bacillus.
Filamentous, argyrophilic bacillus with gliding motility
49
CAR bacillus demonstration can be performed using what stains?
Silver stains such as Warthin-Starry and Steiners
50
What is the major pathogen in Chronic Respiratory Disease of rats?
***Mycoplasma pulmonis***
51
What environmental condition may worsen the progression of Mycoplasmosis in rats?
Ammonia levels \> 25 ppm
52
What is the usual distribution of affected lung lobes in Mycoplasmosis?
Cranioventral
53
A prominent pulmonary feature of all stages of Mycoplasmosis in rats is infiltration of what types of cells?
Lymphocytes and plasma cells
54
In what organs does *Pasteurella pneumotropica* often colonize in rats?
Intestine, nasopharynx, conjunctiva, lower respiratory tract, uterus
55
Can *Pasteurella pneumotropica* cause fetal death in rats?
Yes
56
In rats, *Corynebacterium kutscheri* is carried in the oral cavity and adjacent lymph nodes. Through hematogenous spread, to what area/organs might it disseminate?
Thoracic and abdominal viscera
57
In rats, *Corynebacterium* lesions most frequently occur in the lungs. What cellular infiltrates occur in the early and later stages of infection?
Early: neutrophils
Later: macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells
58
The Corynebacterium colonies are amorphous and basophilic. Which stains are used to best demonstrate the bacteria?
Tissue Gram stains, Warthin-Starry, Giemsa
59
In rats, detection of *C. kutscheri* in carrier animals is best accomplished by the culture of what areas/organs?
**oropharnyx**
60
Name the organism: In rats, this agent causes fibrinopurulent polyserositis, pleuritis, peritonitis, pericarditis, periorchitis, meningitis. Pulmonary changes include suppurative bronchopneumonia. Suppurative rhinitis and otitis media may occur. Morphology of the organism is that of an encapsulated diplococci.
***Streptococcus pneumoniae*** (aka diplococcus and pneumococcus)
61
What is the vector for ***Mycoplasma hemomuris***?
***Polyplax spinulosa***
62
True or False: In rat, *Klebsiella* pneumonia is associated with abscesses of the cervical, inguinal, and mesenteric lymph nodes and the kidney.
True
63
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa* may be associated with what type of surgical procedure?
Inplanting indwelling jugular catheters. May result in vegetative lesions.
64
What is the bacteria causing Rat Bite Fever?
***Streptobacillus moniliformis***
65
What part of the rat’s body does the causative organism for rat bite fever inhabit?
**nasopharynx**
66
What rat develops an increased bronchiolar responsivness and IgE post allergen exposure and have been used to study asthma?
**Brown-Norway (BN)**
67
Administration of sephadex IV to rats causes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Pulmonary eosinophilia
b. Granulomatous vasculitis
c. Pneumonia with epithelioid and giant cells
d. All of the above are seen
c
68
Infection by *Aspergillus niger* or *A. fumigatus* in rats typically results in:
**rhinitis**
69
Pneumocystis infection in rats consists of:
a. Infection by *Pneumocystis carinii*
b. Infection by *Pneumocystis wakefieldiae*
c. Co-infections by both a and b
d. All of the above
d - all of the above
70
Infection by *P. carinii* in rats can be diagnosed by:
a. Histopathologic observation of lungs
b. Impression smears of lungs
c. PCR of lung tissue or BAL samples
d. All of the above
d - all of the above
71
Which ectoparasite is only associated with rats while feeding?:
* a. Polyplax spinulosa
b. Hoplopleura pacifica
c. Ornithonyssus bacoti
d. Xenopsylla muris*
***Ornithonyssus bacoti***
72
81. Which endoparasite normally results in an asymptomatic infection unless the rat is immunocompromised?
* a. Cryptosporidia
b. Trypanosoma lewis
c. Giardia muris
d. Spironucleus muris*
*Cryptosporidia*
73
Which pinworm has a direct life cycle:
a. *Syphacia muris
b. Aspicularis tetraptera
c. Syphacia obvelata*
d. All of the above
d - all of the above
74
True or False: *Trichosomoides crassicauda* infection can be diagnosed by the presence of double-operculated eggs in the urine.
True
75
Which tapeworm can be eliminated by increasing sanitation (since it requires beetles or fleas as an intermediate host):
a. *Rodentolepis nana
b. Rodentolepis microstoma
c. Hymenolepis diminuta*
d. All of these agents have a direct life cycle
c - *Hymenolepis diminuta*
76
True or False: Infection by *Cysticercus fasciolaris* results in a polycystic disease with cirrhosis.
False. Typically results in 1-2 cysts with possible sarcoma development
77
Which is **_not_** normally a predisposing factor for the development of chronic progressive neuropathy in rats?
a. Sex (males are more prone)
b. Strain (F344 and S-D are more prone)
c. Immune status (Immunocompromised animals are more prone)
d. High protein diet
c
78
Clinical signs seen in chronic progressive neuropathy include:
a. proteinuria and hypoproteinemia
b. polyarteritis nodosa
c. elevated BUN and creatinine (renal insufficiency)
d. all of the above
d
79
Select the _correct statement_ regarding myocardial degeneration in SD rats:
a. Lesions are more common in female rats
b. Interstitial fibrosis is an important feature of the disease
c. Lesions are typically seen in 1 month old rats
d. Lesions are typically restricted to the right ventricle.
b
80
True or False: Bilateral hydronephrosis is a common incidental finding in rats.
True
81
True or False: Posterior paresis in older rats may be due to spontaneous radiculoneuropathy.
True
82
Which rats are most predisposed to polyarteritis nodosa?
**SD, SHR, and rats with late-stage CPN**
* most frequently in medium-sized arteries of **mesentery, pancreas, pancreaticoduodenal artery, and tesis**
83
What are the possible consequences of constant light in rats?
Constant light for as little as 3 days can induce:
* **persistent estrus**
* **hyperestrogenism**
* **polycystic ovaries**
* **endometrial hypertrophy**
84
What is a nongenetic, non-infectious cause of corneal lesions in rats?
Ketamine-xylazine
* drug-induced vasoconstriction of ciliary and iridal vessels
* subsequent corneal hypoxia, corneal opacity, mineralization of anterior limiting membrane
85
True or False: Retroviruses are associated with the development of lymphoreticular tumors in mice and rats.
**False** - only in mice
86
Histiocytic sarcomas are seen most often in which rat strains?
**SD, Osborne-Mendel, Wistar**
87
Pituitary adenomas can be differentiated from hyperplasia by the presence of ?
pseudocapsule
