(P) ANTI-IFECTIVE AGENTS Flashcards
•Introduced antiseptic principles for use in surgery and post-traumatic injury (1876)
• Father of Antiseptic Technique
Joseph Lister
Joseph Lister used ______ as wash for
the hands, as a spray on an incision site, and on
bandages applied to wounds
Phenol (Carbolic Acid)
• Worked with a set of antibacterial dyes and anti-parasitic organic arsenicals
• His goal was to develop compounds that retained antimicrobial activity at the expense of
toxicity of human host
• “Magic Bullets”
Paul Ehrlich
Paul Ehrlich discovered _______, an antisyphylitic agent
Compound 606
Compound 606 or also known as—
Arsphenamine/Salvarsan
Dyes such as _________ were used as anti-infectives
Gentian Violet and Methylene Blue
Causative agent of Syphilis (Tulo)
Treponema pallidum
Were also used as anti-infective but had severely limited usefulness because of toxicities
Heavy Metals (Including Hg)
•The property of certain chemicals to kill one type of organism while not harming the other
• Effective as anti-infective agent as it only targets the bad bacteria and disease
Selective Toxicity
anti-infective agents that are used locally
Germicides
• are compounds that kill (-cidal) or prevent the growth (-static) of microorganisms when applied to
living tissue
Antiseptics
Ideal properties of antiseptics:
• Low-enough toxicity that it can be used directly on skins and wounds
• Exert a rapid and sustained lethal action against microorganisms
• Low surface tension so that it will spread into the wound
• Should retain activity in the presence of body fluids, including pus.
• Non-irritating, non-allergenic, lack systemic toxicity when applied to skin or mucous membranes and does not interfere with healing
an agent that prevents transmission of infection by the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms when applied to inanimate objects
Disinfectant
Ideal disinfectants
• Exert rapidly lethal action against all potentially pathogenic microorganisms and spores
• Have good penetrating properties into organic matters
• Share compatibility with organic compounds (particularly soaps)
• Not inactivated by living tissue
• Noncorrosive
• Aesthetically pleasing (nonstaining and odorless)
application of an agent to living tissue for the purpose of preventing infection
Antisepsis
• destruction or marked reduction in the number of activity of microorganisms
• 99.99%
Decontamination
• chemical or physical treatment that destroys most vegetative microbes or viruses, but not spores, in or on inanimate objects
Disinfection
• reduction of microbial load on an inanimate surface to a level considered acceptable for public
health purposes
Sanitization
• a process intended to kill or remove all types of microorganisms, including spores, and usually
including viruses with an acceptably low probability of survival
Sterilization
• a process that kills non-sporulating microorganisms by hot water or steam at
65 -100°C
• is a heat treatment process that kills harmful microorganisms in food and beverages, such as milk and juice, without significantly affecting taste or quality.
• It typically involves heating to a specific temperature and then rapidly cooling to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life.
Pasteurization
