P and O Flashcards
Lateral trunk bending
KAFO medial upright too high Insufficient shoe lift Hip pain Weak or tight abductors on orthotic side Short leg poor balance
Circumduction
Locked knee
Excessive plantarflexion: inadequate stop, plantar flexion contractures
Weak hip flexors
Which orthotic allows more push off in a week or inflexible feet?
Metatarsal pads
Which orthotic allows for the absorption of forces and relieve strain on the plantar fascia?
Cushion heel
Which arch might be supported by a scaphoid pad?
Longitudinal arch
Which flexible foot abnormality might a Thomas heel correct?
Pes valgus/ pronated feet
Which rear foot posting limits or controls eversion of the calcaneus and internalrotation of the tibia?
Varus/ medial wedge
Which rear foot posting reduces calcaneal eversion during running?
Varus/ medial wedge
Which rear foot posting controls the calcaneus and subtalar joint that are excessively inverted and supinated heel strike?
Valgus/ lateral wedge
Which forefoot posting is prescribed for forefoot varus?
Medial wedge
Which forefoot posting is prescribed for forefoot valgus?
Lateral wedge
Which orthotic improves weight shift onto metatarsals?
Rocker bar
What are the indications for using a dorsiflexion stop?
Causes knee flexion and controls knee hyperextension
What is a possible complication of a Dorsiflexion stop?
If the stop is set to allow too much Dorsiflexion, knee buckling could result.
What is an indication for a plantar flexion stop?
Causes knee extension; can be used to control for an unstable knee that buckles
What is a possible complication of a plantarflexion stop?
If set to allow too much plantarflexion, recurvatum or knee hyperextension could result.
What does a posterior leaf spring assist?
Used to prevent foot drop
Anterior trunk bending
Inadequate knee lock, weak quadriceps, hip or knee flexion contracture
Posterior trunk bending
Inadequate hip lock, weak gluteus maximus, knee ankylosis
Hyperextended knee
Inadequate plantarflexion stop, Poor fit of calf band (too deep), weak quadriceps, loose knee ligaments or extensor spasticity, pes equinus
Knee instability
Inadequate Dorsiflexion stop, inadequate knee lock, knees and or hip flexion contracture, weak quadriceps or insufficient knee lock, knee pain
Toe first
Inadequate dorsiflexion assist, inadequate dorsiflexor stop, inadequate heel lift, heel pain, extensor spasticity, pes equinus, short leg.
Foot flat
Inadequate longitudinal arch support, pes planus
Pronation
Transverse plane malalignment, weak inverters, pes valgus, spasticity, genu valgum
Supination
Transverse plane malalignment, weak evertors, pes varus, genu varum
Excessive stance width
KAFO height of medial upright too high, HKAFO hip joint aligned in excessive abduction, knee is locked, abduction contracture, poor balance, sound limb is too short
If the alignment of a prosthetic knee is to posterior to the TKA line
The knee will be very stable but will not flex easily
If a prosthetic knee is aligned anterior to the TKA line that knee will be
Unstable
