P and O

Question 1

Lateral trunk bending

Answer 1

KAFO medial upright too high
Insufficient shoe lift 
Hip pain 
Weak or tight abductors on orthotic side
Short leg 
poor balance

Question 2

Circumduction

Answer 2

Locked knee
Excessive plantarflexion: inadequate stop, plantar flexion contractures
Weak hip flexors

Question 3

Which orthotic allows more push off in a week or inflexible feet?

Answer 3

Metatarsal pads

Question 4

Which orthotic allows for the absorption of forces and relieve strain on the plantar fascia?

Answer 4

Cushion heel

Question 5

Which arch might be supported by a scaphoid pad?

Answer 5

Longitudinal arch

Question 6

Which flexible foot abnormality might a Thomas heel correct?

Answer 6

Pes valgus/ pronated feet

Question 7

Which rear foot posting limits or controls eversion of the calcaneus and internalrotation of the tibia?

Answer 7

Varus/ medial wedge

Question 8

Which rear foot posting reduces calcaneal eversion during running?

Answer 8

Varus/ medial wedge

Question 9

Which rear foot posting controls the calcaneus and subtalar joint that are excessively inverted and supinated heel strike?

Answer 9

Valgus/ lateral wedge

Question 10

Which forefoot posting is prescribed for forefoot varus?

Answer 10

Medial wedge

Question 11

Which forefoot posting is prescribed for forefoot valgus?

Answer 11

Lateral wedge

Question 12

Which orthotic improves weight shift onto metatarsals?

Answer 12

Rocker bar

Question 13

What are the indications for using a dorsiflexion stop?

Answer 13

Causes knee flexion and controls knee hyperextension

Question 14

What is a possible complication of a Dorsiflexion stop?

Answer 14

If the stop is set to allow too much Dorsiflexion, knee buckling could result.

Question 15

What is an indication for a plantar flexion stop?

Answer 15

Causes knee extension; can be used to control for an unstable knee that buckles

Question 16

What is a possible complication of a plantarflexion stop?

Answer 16

If set to allow too much plantarflexion, recurvatum or knee hyperextension could result.

Question 17

What does a posterior leaf spring assist?

Answer 17

Used to prevent foot drop

Question 18

Anterior trunk bending

Answer 18

Inadequate knee lock, weak quadriceps, hip or knee flexion contracture

Question 19

Posterior trunk bending

Answer 19

Inadequate hip lock, weak gluteus maximus, knee ankylosis

Question 20

Hyperextended knee

Answer 20

Inadequate plantarflexion stop, Poor fit of calf band (too deep), weak quadriceps, loose knee ligaments or extensor spasticity, pes equinus

Question 21

Knee instability

Answer 21

Inadequate Dorsiflexion stop, inadequate knee lock, knees and or hip flexion contracture, weak quadriceps or insufficient knee lock, knee pain

Question 22

Toe first

Answer 22

Inadequate dorsiflexion assist, inadequate dorsiflexor stop, inadequate heel lift, heel pain, extensor spasticity, pes equinus, short leg.

Question 23

Foot flat

Answer 23

Inadequate longitudinal arch support, pes planus

Question 24

Pronation

Answer 24

Transverse plane malalignment, weak inverters, pes valgus, spasticity, genu valgum

Question 25

Supination

Answer 25

Transverse plane malalignment, weak evertors, pes varus, genu varum

Question 26

Excessive stance width

Answer 26

KAFO height of medial upright too high, HKAFO hip joint aligned in excessive abduction, knee is locked, abduction contracture, poor balance, sound limb is too short

Question 27

If the alignment of a prosthetic knee is to posterior to the TKA line

Answer 27

The knee will be very stable but will not flex easily

Question 28

If a prosthetic knee is aligned anterior to the TKA line that knee will be

Answer 28

Unstable