p Flashcards
Define Personality
The way a person thinks, feels, behaves and acts
Personality Theories Include
Trait Theories
Humanistic Theories
Social - Cognitive Theories
Eysenk theory had
Extraversion, neuroticism and psychotism
Broca (syllabus)
Broca’s area discovered – speech production is affected if this area is damaged but patients can still understand language
Wernicke (syllabus
Wernicke’s area discovered – written and spoken language are affected if damaged, patients can produce sounds but without meaning and understanding
McCardle et Al.
Individuals with a history of ecstacy use had higher levels of depression, more difficulty storing information in LTM, were more easily distracted and had more difficulty focusing on complex tasks than non-users
Dafters
People who had taken more than 50 ecstacy tablets in their lives had a loss of mental flexibility
Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
Watson)
Classical conditioning: generalization of stimuli – Little Albert
Thorndike
The Law of Effect in operant conditioning, cats escaping cages
Skinner
Operant conditioning and schedules of reinforcement, pigeons and rats in Skinner boxes
Bandura
Observational learning – The Bobo doll experiment
Damon
Observational learning steps
Ellis
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)
Beck
Cognitive Triad (CBT)
Atkinson and Shiffrin (syllabus)
Multi-store Memory Model (the stage model) – Sensory memory, STM and LTM
Millar
The magic number – we can hold 7 +/-2 pieces of information in STM
Piaget (syllabus)
Stages of cognitive development, schemas
Hughes
Policeman task
Donaldson
Piaget’s mountain task failed because unfamiliar
Siegal
Piagetian tasks break children’s conversational rules
Seagrim and Lendon
The Hermannsburg Project comparing cognitive development in Indigenous Australian communities
Kohlberg (syllabus)
Stages of moral development
Colby F
Longitudinal study supporting Kholberg
Gilligan F
All female morality study, morality of care vs morality of justice
Erikson
Stage theory of identity
Bandura (syllabus)
Social learning theory
Eysenck
Trait theory (3 dimensions – extraversion, neuroticism, psychotism)
Allport
Trait theory – cardinal traits, source traits and secondary traits
McCrae & Costa (syllabus)
Big 5 Factor theory of personality (trait theory)
Ashton & Kibeom
Added a 6th factor to the Big 5
Pullman et al F
Consistency of personality over time
Mischel (syllabus)
Consistency of personality across situations
Maslow (syllabus)
Hierarchy of needs (humanistic theory)
Rogers (syllabus)
Unconditional positive regard; ideal self, true self, self image; Q-Sort (humanistic theory)
Bandura (syllabus)
Social cognitive theory, self-efficacy, self-system
