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Question 1

Define Personality

Answer 1

The way a person thinks, feels, behaves and acts

Question 2

Personality Theories Include

Answer 2

Trait Theories
Humanistic Theories
Social - Cognitive Theories

Question 3

Eysenk theory had

Answer 3

Extraversion, neuroticism and psychotism

Question 4

Broca (syllabus)

Answer 4

Broca’s area discovered – speech production is affected if this area is damaged but patients can still understand language

Question 5

Wernicke (syllabus

Answer 5

Wernicke’s area discovered – written and spoken language are affected if damaged, patients can produce sounds but without meaning and understanding

Question 6

McCardle et Al.

Answer 6

Individuals with a history of ecstacy use had higher levels of depression, more difficulty storing information in LTM, were more easily distracted and had more difficulty focusing on complex tasks than non-users

Question 7

Dafters

Answer 7

People who had taken more than 50 ecstacy tablets in their lives had a loss of mental flexibility

Question 8

Pavlov

Answer 8

Classical Conditioning

Question 9

Watson)

Answer 9

Classical conditioning: generalization of stimuli – Little Albert

Question 10

Thorndike

Answer 10

The Law of Effect in operant conditioning, cats escaping cages

Question 11

Skinner

Answer 11

Operant conditioning and schedules of reinforcement, pigeons and rats in Skinner boxes

Question 12

Bandura

Answer 12

Observational learning – The Bobo doll experiment

Question 13

Damon

Answer 13

Observational learning steps

Question 14

Ellis

Answer 14

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)

Question 15

Beck

Answer 15

Cognitive Triad (CBT)

Question 16

Atkinson and Shiffrin (syllabus)

Answer 16

Multi-store Memory Model (the stage model) – Sensory memory, STM and LTM

Question 17

Millar

Answer 17

The magic number – we can hold 7 +/-2 pieces of information in STM

Question 18

Piaget (syllabus)

Answer 18

Stages of cognitive development, schemas

Question 19

Hughes

Answer 19

Policeman task

Question 20

Donaldson

Answer 20

Piaget’s mountain task failed because unfamiliar

Question 21

Siegal

Answer 21

Piagetian tasks break children’s conversational rules

Question 22

Seagrim and Lendon

Answer 22

The Hermannsburg Project comparing cognitive development in Indigenous Australian communities

Question 23

Kohlberg (syllabus)

Answer 23

Stages of moral development

Question 24

Colby F

Answer 24

Longitudinal study supporting Kholberg

Question 25

Gilligan F

Answer 25

All female morality study, morality of care vs morality of justice

Question 26

Erikson

Answer 26

Stage theory of identity

Question 27

Bandura (syllabus)

Answer 27

Social learning theory

Question 28

Eysenck

Answer 28

Trait theory (3 dimensions – extraversion, neuroticism, psychotism)

Question 29

Allport

Answer 29

Trait theory – cardinal traits, source traits and secondary traits

Question 30

McCrae & Costa (syllabus)

Answer 30

Big 5 Factor theory of personality (trait theory)

Question 31

Ashton & Kibeom

Answer 31

Added a 6th factor to the Big 5

Question 32

Pullman et al F

Answer 32

Consistency of personality over time

Question 33

Mischel (syllabus)

Answer 33

Consistency of personality across situations

Question 34

Maslow (syllabus)

Answer 34

Hierarchy of needs (humanistic theory)

Question 35

Rogers (syllabus)

Answer 35

Unconditional positive regard; ideal self, true self, self image; Q-Sort (humanistic theory)

Question 36

Bandura (syllabus)

Answer 36

Social cognitive theory, self-efficacy, self-system