P. 1 - The weather

Question 1

What is the difference between climate and weather?

Answer 1

Climate is the avarage state of the atmosphere over a longer period of time (30 decades often) in a certain place and weather is the current state of the atmosphere over a shorter amount of time (hours, days etc.)

Question 2

What is the definition of the keyword weather?

Answer 2

The current state of the atmosphere

Question 3

Wat are the 4 most important parameters when it comes to weather

Answer 3

• Temperature
• Cloud coverage
• Wind
• Precipitation

Question 4

Where does the weather phenomena take place?

Answer 4

Mostly in the trophosphere (lowest layer of the atmosphere)

Question 5

What is the definition of the keyword temperature?

Answer 5

The objective measurement of hot or cold

Question 6

How do you measure temperature? (+ international guidelines)

Answer 6

• Using a thermometer
• in celsius or fahrenheit

International guidelines
- Place the thermometer at a height of between 1.25 and 2 metres above the ground
- Inside a white box called a Stevenson screen

Question 7

How do meteorologists present temperature readings?

Answer 7

Usage of isotherm map (Line in a map that shows equal temperature.

Question 8

Why are there international guidelines for measuring temperatures?

Answer 8

Make it possible to compare temperatures from place to place, because everyone takes measurements using the same method.

Question 9

What is the definition of the keyword precipitation?

Answer 9

Water, in any chemical state, that falls from the atmosphere; including, drizzle, rain, snow and hail.

Question 10

How is precipitation measured?

Answer 10

• Using rain gauge which captures the precipitation as it falls from the atmosphere -> makes it possible to measure the amount of waterthat has fallen
• measured in millimetres (mm)

Question 11

What is the definition of the keyword wind?

Answer 11

The movement of air through the atmosphere.

Question 12

How do you measure wind?

Answer 12

• Measure its direction on a compass rose
• Measure its speed in km/h or mph
• (Netherlands) measure strength with beaufort scale

Question 13

What causes wind

Answer 13

• differences in atmospheric pressure

Question 14

Give the definition of the keyword atmospheric pressure (+ measured)

Answer 14

• Pressure, or weight, of the air in the atmosphere.
• in certain places
• measured using a barometer

Question 15

Law of Buys Ballot

Answer 15

• Flow of the wind is always from high pressure areas to low preasssure ares
• wind is deflected towards the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere

Question 16

How to meteorologists show wind?

Answer 16

• Use isobars (lines in a map that show equal atmospheric pressure)
• Isobars show the atmospheric pressure in a particular place
• isobars close together -> air will flow quickly from high to low pressure -> weather will change / creation strong winds or storms

Question 17

How is cloud cover measured?

Answer 17

• By looking skywards and estimating how much of the sky is covered by cloud
• Measured using oktas (0 clear sky - 8 clompletely overcast)

Question 18

How are clouds categorised

Answer 18

• according to their shape and altitudein the troposphere

Question 19

Give the definition of high clouds (type of clouds + e.g.)

Answer 19

• e.g. cirrus clouds
• Look like feathers
• chicken you -> rain is coming

Question 20

Give the definition of low clouds (type of clouds + e.g.)

Answer 20

• e.g. stratocumulus clouds
• Only bring rain when the cloud layer is sufficiently thick

Question 21

Give the definition of vertical clouds (type of clouds + e.g.)

Answer 21

• Cumulonimbus clouds (bring thunderstorms)
• Reach the boundary of the troposphere -> spread out

Question 22

Explain step 1 of the water cycle

Answer 22

• Water evaporates from surface water (oceans, rivers) and enters the atmosphere
• Water evaporated from tree leaves, grass and other plants and enters the atmosphere (10%)

Question 23

Explain step 2a of the water cycle

Answer 23

• Part of the water falls straight back to wherre it came from

Question 24

Explain step 2a of the water cycle

Answer 24

• Part of the water vapour rises up into the atmosphere and is transported to other places by the wind
• While water vapour rises the temperature drops -> watervapour condensate (<- cold air can contain less water vapour than warm air)

Question 25

Explain step 3 of the water cycle

Answer 25

• Water droplets clump together around tiny dust particle in the atmosphere;clouds

Question 26

Explain step 4 of the water cycle

Answer 26

From the clouds precipitation can occur when the air rises

Question 27

Give the defition of the keywords evaporation

Answer 27

The change from a liquid to a gaseous chemical state.

Question 28

Give the defition of the keywords evaporation

Answer 28

The change from a gaseous to a liquid chemical state.