oxytocin and Pitocin and stuff Flashcards
where is Endogenous oxytocin synthesized
oxytocin-producing cells in the hypothalamus
where is endogenous oxytocin stored and secreted
posterior pituitary gland
Endogenous oxytocin purpose
- Acts as a hormone in the body (released in the blood stream)
- Acts as a neurotransmitter (signaling substance) in the brain
- Oxytocin-producing neurons in the hypothalamus also release oxytocin throughout the brain
which subcortical structures is oxytocin released
- NAcc
- Amygdala
- Hippocampus
- Brainstem
involuntary/voluntary processes of labour
“Going in labour” and “First stage” of labour
- involuntary contractions of the uterus
- involuntary release of oxytocin, prostaglandins, and other hormones
“Second stage” of labour
- could be completely involuntary (“the fetus ejection reflex”)
- could be a combination of involuntary contractions and voluntary “pushing” efforts
Adrenaline effects on labour
suppresses oxytocin
- can slow down labour during birth’s “first stage” (dilation)
- can speed up labour during birth’s “second stage” (fetal expulsion)
Is it really impossible to help birth’s involuntary processes?
It is possible: Avoid conditions that decrease the release of oxytocin, provide conditions that increase the release of oxytocin
What tends to decrease oxytocin release
- Bright lighting
- Noise
- Discomfort
- Feeling frightened
- Unpleasant, painful sensations
- Tension
- Questions, interruptions
- Being observed
What tends to increases oxytocin release
- Dim lighting
- Peace and quiet
- Comfort
- Feeling safe
- Pleasant touch
- Relaxation
- No interruptions
- The absence of observers
“Third stage” of labour and oxytocin
Placenta expulsion
- Contractions continue after baby is born
- Placenta is usually born within half an hour after baby
- Oxytocin reaches its highest peak in this period
- This stage is particularly sensitive to disturbance and presents the greatest risk for post-partum hemorrhage
