Oxygenation & Perfusion Flashcards
Hypoxemia def & examples
Decreased O2 saturation
Ex. Confusion, pallor, rapid breathing, increased heart rate
Dyspnea def & examples
Difficulty breathing
Ex. Decreased activity tolerance, SOB, anxiety, using of accessory muscles(nose flaring), difficulty talking
Tachypnea definition & examples
RR>24
Ex. Increased heart rate, increased breathing, shallow breathing, sweating
Bradypnea defintion & examples
RR <10
Ex. Cool extremities, lethargic, pallor
Orthopnea def & example
Difficulty breathing when laying down
Ex. Difficulty breathing when head goes down
Apnea
Absence of breathing
Oxygenation assessment questions
Are you having difficulty breathing? Do you feel SOB? Are you having chest pain ? Coughing? Sputum production? Nocturnal diaphoresis(difficulty breathing at night)? Do you feel fatigue or tired all the time? Do you sleep with 2 or more pillows? Do you have any allergies? What medications are you taking? What’s your medical history? Do you smoke? What’s your lifestyle and activity level like? Do you have any stressors? Have you had any recent exposures
What is clubbing & what it is related to?
Curving of nail beds
It’s a sign of chronic hypoxemia in COPD and emphysema patients
Cyanosis
Blue shade of color in skin
Late sign of hypoxemia
Usually on lips, fingers, toes
Euboea breathing rhythm
Normal rate and rhythm and symmetrical
Cheyenne strokes rhythm
Rate and depth gradually increases then decreases with periods of apnea
Kussmaul’s
Abnormal increase in rate and depth of respirations, deep and rapid
Blot’s
Shallow breathing with periods of apnea
What does it mean if you see retractions above by the neck and collarbone
There is an obstruction of the airway
Normal breath sounds
Vesicular
Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Description of vesicular breath sounds
Soft low pitched, whispering, heard over most part of the lungs
Inspiration is longer than expiration
Description of bronchial breath sounds
High pitched, harsh blowing, heard over the trachea & larynx
Expiration longer than inspiration
Description of bronchovesicular breath sounds
Moderate blowing sound heard over the bronchus
Inspiration = expiration
Adventitious breath sounds
Wheezing
Rhonchi
Crackles(fine and course)
Wheeze breath sounds
High pitched musical sounds heard when patient exhales
Caused by narrowing or blockage of airway
Rhonchi breath sounds
Low pitched snoring sound heard when exhaled
Heard in COPD & asthma
Crackles breath sounds
Popping sound
Caused by fluid overload or collapsed lung
Heard in pneumonia
Laboratory tests
CBC
