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Nursing 101 > Oxygenation Needs: Physiology > Flashcards

Oxygenation Needs: Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

<p>

| What is the upper airway composed of?</p>

A 
<p style="text-align: center;">
	Nose</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
	Pharynx</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
	Larynx</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
	Epiglottis</p>
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2
Q

<p>

| What is the upper airways main function?</p>

A

<p>

| Warm, fliter, and humidify inspired air.</p>

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3
Q

<p>

| What is the lower airway composed of?</p>

A 
<p style="text-align: center;">
	Trachea</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
	Right and left main stem bronchi</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
	Segmental bronchi</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
	Terminal Bronchioles</p>
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4
Q

<p>

| What is the lower airway&#39;s main function?</p>

A 
<p style="text-align: center;">
	Conduction of air</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
	Mucocilliary clearance</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
	Production of pulmonary surfactant</p>
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5
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

To propel trapped material and accompanying mucus toward the upper airway so they can be removed by coughing.

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6
Q

What is required for the production of watery mucus and ciliary action?

A

Adequate fluid intake.

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7
Q

What are alveoli and where are they?

A

Small air saces at the end of the terminal bronchioles.

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8
Q

Alveoli are the site of…

A

Gas exchange.

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9
Q

What does surfactant do?

A

Reduces the surface tension between the moist membranes of the alveoli preventing their collapse.

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10
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A

The movement of air into and out of lungs.

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11
Q

What is respiration?

A

Involves gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the alvoli and blood in the capillaries.

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12
Q

What is perfusion?

A

The process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through body tissues.

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13
Q

What are two phases of pulmonary ventilation?

A

Inspiration

Expiration

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14
Q

What is inspiration?

A

The active phase.

Involves movement of muscles and the thorax to bring air into the lungs.

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15
Q

What is expiration?

A

The passive phase.

The movement of air out of the lungs.

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16
Q

What is the air pressure equivalent to immediately before inspiration?

A

The surrounding atmospheric pressure.

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17
Q

The pressure within the lungs ____ as the volume of the lungs ____.

A

Decreases, increases.

18
Q

What physical factors contribute to airflow in and out of the lungs?

A

Musculature compliance of lung tissue

Airway resistance

19
Q

The accessory muscles of the ___, ____, and ____ are used to maintain respiratory movements at times when breathing is difficult.

A

abdomen, neck, and back

20
Q

What is lung compliance?

A

The ease with which the lungs can be inflated.

21
Q

The compliance of lung tissue affects ______.

A

Lung volume.

22
Q

What is emphysema?

A

A chronic lung condition that results in decreased elasticity of lung tissue, which, in turn, decreases compliance,

23
Q

What is airway resistance?

A

The result of any impediment or obstruction that air meets as it moves through the airway.

24
Q

Where does respiration occur?

A

The terminal alveolar capillary system.

25
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of gas or particles from areas of higher pressure or concentration to areas of higher pressure or concentration ot areas of lower presure or concentration.

26
Q

What is diffusion in the lungs influenced by?

A

Change in surface area available

Thickening of alveolar-capillary membrane

Parital pressure

Solunility and molecular weight of the gas

27
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

Incomplete lung expansion or the collapse of alveoli that prevents pressure changes and the exchange of gas by diffusion in the lungs.

28
Q

What are two diseases that can thicken the alveolar-capillary membrane?

A

Pneumonia

Pulmonary edema.

29
Q

What is partial pressure?

A

Pressure resulting from any gas in a mixture depending on its concentration.

30
Q

_____ has greater solubility in the respiratory membrans and diffuses more rapidly than ___.

A

Carbon dioxide, oxygen.

31
Q

The amount of blood present in any given area of lung tissure partially depends on whether the person is…

A

Sitting, standing, or laying down.

32
Q

Greater activity results in an ____ need for cellular oxygen by the body’s tissues and a subsequent ____ in cardiac output and consequently an _____ blood return to the lungs.

A

Increase, increase, increase.

33
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

A condition in which an inadequate amount of oxygen is available to cells.

34
Q

What are the most common symptoms of hypoxia?

A

Dyspnea

Elevated BP with a small pulse pressure

Increased respiratory and pulse rates

Pallor

Cyanosis

35
Q

Hypozia is often caused by what?

A

Hypoventilation

36
Q

What is hypoventilation?

A

Decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs.

37
Q

How does stimulation of the medulla affect respiration?

A

Increases the rate and depth of ventilation to blow off carbon dioxide and hydrogen and increase oxygen levels.

The patient breathes faster and more deeply.

38
Q

What are atria and what do they do?

A

Upper chambers of the heart.

Receive blood from the veins.

39
Q

What are ventricles and what do they do?

A

Lower chambers of the heart.

Force blood out of the heart through the arteries.

40
Q

Regular exercise contributes to…

A

More effective pumping of the heart muscle

Improved oxygen transport to cells

Nursing 101 (2 decks)

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