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Nursing 101 > Oxygenation Needs > Flashcards

Oxygenation Needs Flashcards

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1
Q

What factors affect respiratory functiioning?

A

Level of health

Developmental considerations

Medications

Lifestyle

Environment

Psychological health

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2
Q

People with renal or cardiac disoriders often have compromised respiratory functioning because of…

A

Fluid overload and impaired tissue perfusion.

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3
Q

What is a myocardial infarction and what does it cause?

A

Heart attack

A lack of Blood supply to the heart muscle

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4
Q

Physical changes such as scoliosis influence ______ and may cause _____.

A

Breathing patterns, air trapping.

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5
Q

How does being obese affect respiratory functioning?

A

Often short of breath during activity leading to less participation in exercise.

Alveoli at the base of the lungs are rarely stimulated to expand fully.

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6
Q

How do opioids affects respirations?

A

Decreases the rate and depth

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7
Q

What is an important risk factor for chronic COPD?

A

Cigarette smoking

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8
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

Increase in rate and depth of respirations to eliminate carbon dioxide

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9
Q

Hypoventilation can lead to a lowered level of ___

A

Arterial carbon dioxide.

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10
Q

What 3 components are part of assessing oxygenation?

A

Physical assessment

Pulse oxymetry

Diagnostic studies

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11
Q

What is the order of the physcial assessment?

A

Inspection

Ausculation

Palpation

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12
Q

What does an adult’s normal chest look like?

A

Slightly convex, with no sternal depression

Anteroposterior diameter should be less than the transverse diameter

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13
Q

What does an infant’s normal chest look like?

A

Chest wall is so thin and has little musculature that the ribs, sternum, and xiphoid process are easily seen

Rounded chest wall in which the anteroposterior diameter equals the transverse diameter

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14
Q

What is the anteroposterior diameter?

A

The measurement from the front to back of the thorax

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15
Q

What does a child’s normal chest look like?

A

Subcutaneous fat is deposited on the chest wall, making some landmarks less prominent

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16
Q

What is Kyphosis and what does it contribute to?

A

Curvature of the spine

The older person’s apearance of leaning forward

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17
Q

What are the 5 complete components of the physical assessment?

A

Respiratory rate

Breathing pattern

Inspection of the thorazx

Palpation of the thorax

Ausculation of lung sounds

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18
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid respirations

Respirations > 24

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19
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow breathing rate

Respirations < 12

Narcotics can cause this

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20
Q

Apnea

A

Cessation of breathing

21
Q

Kussmaul’s breathing

A

Very deep gasping respirations

Diabetic kato acidosis usually includes this

22
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

Can benefit from receiving oxygen

23
Q

Orthopnea

A

Dyspnea occuring when patient is lying down and improves when patient sits up

24
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

Deep to shallow with periods of apnea

Periods of apnea could be 10-15 secs

25
Q

What are situations in which Cheyne-Stokes respirations could occur?

A

Near death

CHF: Congested Heart Failure

Drug overdose

26
Q

Biot’s respirations

A

Shallow breaths interrupted by apnea

27
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Slow respirations

Respiratory depressions causing accumulation of carbon dioxide

28
Q

What should a nurse be inspecting on the thorax?

A

Color: even and consistent with color of patient’s face

Shape: downward equal slope at the rib cage

Breathing patterns: smooth and even

Muscle development: symmetric with the transverse diameter greater than the anteroposterior diameter

29
Q

What does it mean to have a barrel chest?

A

The anteroposterior is increased

30
Q

What is palpation used to detect?

A

Areas of sensitivity

Chest expansion during respirations

Vibrations

31
Q

How do you palpate the anterior and posterior thoracic landmarks?

A

Use palmar surface of hands to palpate in a sequential pattern for temperature, moisture, muscular development, and any tenderness or masses.

32
Q

How should anterior and posterior thoracic landmarks be?

A

Skin should be warm and dry

Symmetric muscular development

No tenderness, masses, and vibrations

33
Q

How is chest expansion determined?

A

By placing the hands over the posterior chest wall, with the fingers at the level of T9 or T10

34
Q

Inspecting cyanosis

A

Mucous membranes are the best place to look (core of the body)

35
Q

What are crackles?

A

wet airways

36
Q

What is wheezing?

A

constricted or narrowed airways

37
Q

What are 3 types of normal lung sounds?

A

Vesicular

Bronchial

Bronchovesicular

38
Q

What are vesicular sounds?

A

low-pitched, soft sounds heard over peripheral lung fields

39
Q

What are bronchial sounds?

A

loud, high-pitched sounds heard primarily over the trachea and larynx

40
Q

What are bronchovesilcular sounds?

A

medium-pitched blowing sounds heard over the major branch

41
Q

How should you ausculate the lungs?

A

Ausculate as the patient breathes through an open mouth.

Breathing through the nose can produce falsely abnormal sounds.

42
Q

What should you instruct the patient to do if abnormal sounds are detected?

A

Cough and then ausculate again

43
Q

What are adventitious breath sounds and how are they categorized?

A

Abnormal lung sounds.

Discontinuous or continuous.

44
Q

What is an example of discontinuous sounds?

A

Crackles

45
Q

What causes crackles?

A

Produced by fluid in the airways or alveoli and delayed reopening of collapsed alveoli

Occur due to inflammation or congestion

46
Q

What are examples of continuous lung sounds?

A

Wheezing

Pleural friction rub

47
Q

How are wheezes produced?

A

Produced as air passes through airways constricted by swelling, narrowing, secretions, or tumors

48
Q

What is the difference between fine crackles and coarse crackles?

A

Fine crackles are brief sounds, somewhat like hair rubbing together between fingers.

Coarse sounds are louder, moist, and bubbling.

49
Q

What is the difference between sibilant wheezes and sonorous wheezes?

A

Sibilant originate in smaller airways and are high pitched and whistling.

Sonorous can be heard over larger airways and sound like a snore.

Nursing 101 (2 decks)

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