Oxygenation/Gas Exchange Flashcards
1
Q
What is different about a newborn’s nose compared to adults (3)
A
- Very small
- More prone to obstruction
- Sinuses not developed leading to increase in sinus infections
2
Q
What is different in an infant’s nose compared to adults (2)
A
- Nose breathers
- Produce very little mucus and more prone to infections
3
Q
How are infant’s throats different compared to adults (2)
A
- Tongue is larger than the oropharynx
- Tongue is placed more posterior making them more prone to airway obstruction
4
Q
How are children’s throats different compared to adults’
A
- Children have enlarged tonsils and adenoids
5
Q
How is children’s trachea different than adults (2)
A
- Smaller width
- Edema, mucus, bronchospasm greatly diminish airway and increasing resistance to airflow, work of breathing, metabolic rate, and quicker decline
6
Q
How is children’s larynx and glottis different than adults (2)
A
- Located higher in the neck = prone to aspiration
- Airway compliant/pliable = prone to collapse
7
Q
How are children’s lower airway different compared to adults (3)
A
- Bifurcation of trachea = 3rd thoracic vertebra
- Bronchi/bronchioles narrower
- Smaller number of alveoli
8
Q
How are children’s chest wall different compared to adults (3)
A
- More compliant
- Can’t support lungs as well
- Tidal volume more dependent on diaphragm movement
9
Q
What are nursing interventions for bronchiolitis (7)
A
- Maintain patent airway by elevating head of bed and suctioning
- Promote adequate gas exchange by adjusting O2
- Reduce spread of infection
- Family education on worsening s/s
- Oral/IV hydration
- Inhaled bronchodilator therapy
- Ribavirin
10
Q
What is the teaching needed for foreign body aspiration (3)
A
- Avoid toys with small parts and coins
- Cut food into small pieces
- Avoid foods such as grapes and hot dogs
