Metabolism Flashcards
1
Q
What is type 1 diabetes
A
Autoimmune disease that destroys the insulin producing pancreatic beta cells
2
Q
What is the onset of type 1 diabetes
A
acute, rapid
3
Q
When is the peak incidence of type 1 diabetes
A
4-6 years
10-14 years
4
Q
What is type 2 diabetes
A
insulin resistance
5
Q
What causes insulin resistance (3)
A
- Peripheral insulin resistance in muscle tissue
- Decreased pancreatic insulin secretion
- Increased hepatic glucose output
6
Q
What is the onset of type 2 diabetes
A
slow, gradual
7
Q
What are the s/s of hypoglycemia (9)
A
- Headache
- Irritable
- Shaky
- Hungry
- Confused
- Increased heart rate
- Pallor
- Sweating
- <70 mg/dl
8
Q
What are the s/s of hyperglycemia (8)
A
- Increased urination
- Increased appetite
- Weakness/fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Headache
- Nausea/vomiting
- Abdominal cramps
- > 250 mg/dl
9
Q
What is the insulin to carb ratio
A
1 unit of insulin = 15 g of carbs
10
Q
What are the insulin injection sites (4)
A
- Outer arm
- Abdomen
- Hip area
- Thigh
11
Q
What is the dawn phenomenon
A
elevated blood glucose between 5-6 am due to the release of growth hormone during the night
12
Q
What is the somoygi effect
A
- hyperglycemia in the morning due to hypoglycemia during the night
- low blood sugars between 2-3 am
