Oxygenation Chapter 36 Flashcards
What system work together to achieve oxygenation?
pulmonary, cardiovascular,musculoskeleton, and nueological sytem
What is oxygenation?
the cells, tissue, and organs of the body are supplied with oxygen
What are the 2 major processes that occur in the pulmonary system to oxygenate the blood?
respiration and ventilation
ventilation vs. respiration
v: movement of air into and out of the lungs
r: exchange of oxygen/ carbon dioxide and alveolar capillary/ capillary cell membrabe
the air way consist of
nasal, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
upper airway vs lower airway
Upper airway: above larynx
lower airway: below larynx
What is the major muscle for breathing?
diaphragm
The pulmonary and cardiovascular system work together to…
change one system and create changes in the other
what two systems regulate the movement of air into and out of the lungs?
musculoskeleton and neurological system
What do the airway structures do?
moisten the air, warm the air, and filter the air
true or false: the trachea lies in front of the esophagus
true
What is The function of the esophagus?
during swallowing it closes off so that food /fluid do not enter the lower airway
Bronchi and Bronchioles have what tie of layers?
smooth muscle layer
The right lung consists of how many lobes?
3 lobes
The left lung consist of how many lobes>
2 lobes
Gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide is pass back and forth between?
alveoli and capillaries
What are the types of alveoli?
1) gas exchange
2) produce surfactant (lower surface tension within alveoli to inflate during breathing)
What are the two major processes that occur in the pulmonary system?
ventilation and respiration
ventilation or respiration:
the movement of air into and out of the lungs though the act of breathing
ventilation
Respiration
the exchange of the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
When you exhale, the diagram muscles relax or contracts?
relax
True or False:
Exhalation requires no energy or effort
true
Rate is?
how fast you breath
Depth is?
how much your lungs expand to take in the air
What does hyperventilation do?
when a person breaths fast
When ventilation increases, what happens to the carbon dioxide levels?
falls/ decrease
When blood oxygen increases, what happens to ventilation?
increases
Severe hyperventilation is usually triggered by?
medication, CNS abnormalities, high altitude, heat,exercise, panic, fear, or anxiety.
Lung compliance refers to?
lung inflation
Where in the brain controls breathing and uses feedback from chemoreceptors and lung receptors?
brainstem
Where is the chemoreceptors are located in the?
Medulla of the brainstem
Chemoreceptors detect?
changes in blood pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels
What age group do not have a fully develop alveolar surfactant system?
infants less than 35 weeks
Hay fever effects
eyes, nose, and sinuses
True or False:
Asthma is a type of allergic reaction
True
Indoor pollution include
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, radon, and suspended particles
What do you call a person who lies down, and their chest expansion id limited?
sleep apnea
If a patient show symptoms of stuffy nose, sore throat, coughing, sneezing, tearing, and mild fever..what do they have?
Respiratory Infections
What happens when a person constantly smokes?
constriction of bronchioles, increase fluid secretion of airways causing inflammation, and paralyzing cilia.
Pulmonary Edema, acute respiration distress syndrome, and pulmonary fibrosis do what in common?
makes the alveoli stiff and make it difficult to ventilate.
The most common causes of impaired pulmonary circulation are?
pulmonary embolism/ hypertension
What diagnostic test/exam would best exam a patients level of hypoxemia?
Ariel blood gas sampling
What sound refers to high pitch that is harsh due to partial obstruction of the larynx?
stridor
mainstream smoking
smoke that smokers inhales and regain exhales
side stream smoking
smoke released from the end of the cigarette
hypoxemia
low arterial blood oxygen level
hypocarbia is?
low level of dissolved CO2 in the blood
Drug overdose leads to what type of pathophysiological condition?
hypercarbia
Normal breathing is?
Euphea 12-20 breaths
aphea is
no breathing
A patient that has 24 breaths per minute shows
tachypnea
A patient that is breathing 10 breaths per minute shows
bradyphea
