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Fundamentals Exam 3 > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

What is clubbing a sign of?

A

chronic hypoxia

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2
Q

Low flow oxygen delivery systems

A
  • nasal cannula
  • simple oxygen mask
  • non-rebreather mask
  • oxymizer cannula
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3
Q

High flow oxygen delivery systems

A
  • high flow nasal cannula
  • venturi mask
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4
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

movement of air into and out of the lungs
inspiration and expiration

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5
Q

respiration

A

involves gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries through the process of diffusion

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6
Q

diffusion

A

movement of gas or particles from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure (or concentration)

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7
Q

what needs to be present in order for diffusion to occur in the lungs?

A

adequate surfactant

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8
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapse of alveoli

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9
Q

internal respiration

A

exchange of oxygen and CO2 between circulating blood and tissue cells

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10
Q

Oxygen for COPD remission

A

low flow nasal cannula 1-2L

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11
Q

Oxygen for COPD exacerbation

A

high flow

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12
Q

Gerontologic Considerations

oxygen

A
  • less elasticity of tissues in respiratory tract + alveoli
  • airways collapse more easily
  • unable to maintain adequate cardiac output
  • stiffening of heart valves + blood vessels
  • chest is unable to stretch
  • reduced power of respiratory and abd muscles
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13
Q

Assessment

A
  • LOC, distress, skin color, chest diameter, breathing pattern
  • auscultate breath sounds
  • review diagnostic tests
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14
Q

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

A
  • examine arterial blood to determine pressure exerted by oxygen and CO2 in the blood and blood pH
  • measures the adequacy of oxygenation, ventilation, perfusion
  • normal pH: 7.35-7.45
  • pt must be at rest for 30 mins prior to test
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15
Q

CBC

A
  • measures total number of RBCs, WBCs, values for Hct and Hgb
  • wbc: 4.5-10.5
  • platelets: 140,000-400,000/uL
  • Hgb: varies between male and female
  • Hct: varies between male and female
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16
Q

Electrocardiography

A
  • electrodes are attached to chest and limbs to assess heart (12 spots)
  • pt must lie still and not talk
  • measures heart’s electrical activity
  • used for detecting MI, heart damage, myocardial ischemia, rhythm and conduction disturbances, electrolyte imbalance, drug toxicity
17
Q

Pulse Oximetry

A
  • normal: 90-100%
  • COPD: 88-92%
  • measures oxygen saturation
18
Q

Capnography

A
  • measures amount of CO2 exhaled with each breath
  • useful for confirming placement of advanced airways and NG tube
19
Q

Thoracentesis

A
  • puncturing chest wall and aspirating pleural fluid (used for removing extra fluid, removing pressure)
  • nursing responsibilities: collecting baseline data, instructing pt not to cough or breathe deeply during procedure, monitor vitals)
20
Q

Nursing interventions

r/t oxygenation

A
  • promoting healthy lifestyle (smoking cessation, diet, exercise, monitor cholesterol + BP)
  • reduce anxiety
  • promoting comfort (positioning, adequate fluid intake, humidified air)
  • promoting proper breathing (deep breathing exercises, incentive spirometry)
21
Q

Nursing interventions cont.

r/t oxygenation

A
  • suctioning
  • maintaining oxygenation needs with meds
  • positive airway pressure
  • providing supplemental oxygen
  • promoting/controlling coughing
22
Q

Regular nasal cannula

A
  • low flow
  • 1-6 L/min
  • humidifier for flow rate greater than 4 L/min to prevent drying
  • check often to make sure both prongs in pts nares
23
Q

Oxymizer cannula
mustache cannula

A
  • deliver oxygen concentration 3-4x more than regular NC at same flow rate
  • no humidifier due to rain out effect
  • used in COPD pts
  • low flow
24
Q

Simple face mask

A
  • 5-8 L/min
  • 40-60% oxygen
  • may use humidifier, may help liquefy thick secretion and prevent drying
  • short term, low flow
  • chest pain, dizziness, minor hemorrhage, respiratory disorder
25
Q

Non-rebreather mask

A
  • 10-15 L/min
  • 80-95% oxygen concentration
  • no humidifer- rain out effect
  • for emergency situations (smoke inhalation, carbon monoxide poisoning, cystic fibrosis, cluster headache, injury)
  • low flow
26
Q

High flow nasal cannula

A
  • max flow
  • 60 L/min
  • system is heated and humidified for comfort
  • reduction of nasopharyngeal airway resistance, used in respiratory failure, extubation failure, croup or pneumonia, bronchiolitis in infants
27
Q

Venturi mask

A
  • precise, high flow
  • no humidifier, back pressure may activate safety, causing mask to burst
  • used in COPD and risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure

Fundamentals Exam 3 (7 decks)

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