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Concepts Exam 3 > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

How does gas exchange occur?

A

Via diffusion- the movement of O2 and CO2 between the air (in the alveoli) and blood (in the capillaries)

The CO2 diffuses across capillary into alveoli and ultimately exhaled

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2
Q

What is some O2 safety precautions?

A

Highly flammable

No smoking

Check all electrical equipment

Check portable tanks O2 level

Oils and petroleum lip balm

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3
Q

What is room air?

A

21% oxygen

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4
Q

What if FIO2 mean?

A

Fraction of inspired oxygen

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5
Q

How should you prepare the nasal cannula before putting it on the patient?

A

Cut the prongs off.. it makes it easier and more comfortable for the patient, and avoids pressure ulcers inside their nose

If they have to wear it for an extended period of time, pressure ulcers can form at the top of the ear, so just take a gauze and wrap it around so it cushions the ear

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6
Q

What is a nasal cannula?

A

It can be a low flow system of 2-6 L/min

Or a high flow at 6-10 L/min

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7
Q

1L/min on nasal cannula is how much FI02?

A

24%

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8
Q

What are the disadvantages of a nasal cannula?

A

Bleeding from nasal mucosa drying out, pressure ulcer on nares/septum/ears, skin burn if used with petroleum jelly

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9
Q

2L/min on the nasal cannula is how much oxygen?

A

27%

It’s ROUGHLY 3% ever liter

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10
Q

What is the liter flow for a simple mask?

A

5-8 L/min

It’s about 40% FIO2

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11
Q

What is the disadvantages of a simple mask?

A

Hinders eating/drinking, needs a good tight seal on the face

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12
Q

Concentration of oxygen of the partial rebreather mask?

A

50-75% FIO2, 8-11 L/min

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13
Q

How does the partial rebreather mask work?

A

Has reservoir bag that must remain inflated during inspiration and expiration. Liter flow is based on keeping the bag inflated.

Patient exhales and CO2 is vented through exhalation ports

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14
Q

Disadvantages of partial rebreather mask?

A

Hinders eating/drinking/talking, requires a tight seal on the face

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15
Q

What is a non rebreather mask

A

Similar to partial rebreather mask, except they have additional valves (no room air)

One way valve prevents rebreathing of CO2

Delivers the highest O2 concentration up to 100% oxygen… typically 10-15 L/min

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16
Q

What is the disadvantage of non-rebreathing mask?

A

Hinders eating/drinking/talking, tight seal is required

17
Q

What is a Venturi mask?

A

Most reliable and accurate method for delivering precise concentrations of oxygen through noninvasive means

24-40% FIO2

And liter flow is marked on mask

18
Q

What are signs of oxygen toxicity?

A

Muscle weakness, muscle twitching and the worse thing that could happen are convulsions

19
Q

What should fluid intake be while on oxygen

A

1500 to 2000 ml/day to keep their membranes moist

20
Q

When should we humidify while on oxygen?

A

When receiving oxygen at a rate greater than 4-5 L/min because it humidifies the oxygen they’re breathing in which helps prevent their nose from drying out

21
Q

What is atelectasis

A

Alveoli or entire lung may collapse

Obstruction of airflow

Common after surgery

22
Q

Assessment findings for atelectasis

A

Decreased lung sounds

Guarding

Shallow respirations

Pain

23
Q

How to fix atelectasis?

A

Incentive spirometer

24
Q

What is asthma

A

Chronic information and constriction

Airflow obstruction

25
Q

What’s important to know with patients who have asthma?

A

Patients need to know their triggers

26
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Alveoli become damaged

The alveolar walls weaken and rupture causing large sacs of air (air trapping)

Loss of elasticity in the alveoli

27
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

Inflammation and irritation of the bronchial tubes

Leading to mucus buildup

28
Q

What is obstructive sleep apnea (osa)

A

Absence of breathing or diminished effort during sleep

Breathing may stop 10 seconds to 2 minutes

Mild, moderate, or severe based on number of episodes during sleep

29
Q

Who is at risk for OSA?

A

Obese people

Hypertension

Diabetics

Asthmatics

Males have it more than females

30
Q

What are some nursing diagnosis for respiratory patients?

A

Decreased activity tolerance

Decreased cardiac output

Fatigue

Impaired spontaneous ventilation

Impaired gas exchange

Ineffective breathing pattern

Ineffective airway clearance

31
Q

What are different types of breathing exercises?

A

Deep breathing and coughing, standard postoperative care

Pursed lip breathing

Abdominal or diaphragmatic breathing

Incentive spirometry

Concepts Exam 3 (6 decks)

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