Oxygenation Flashcards
How does gas exchange occur?
Via diffusion- the movement of O2 and CO2 between the air (in the alveoli) and blood (in the capillaries)
The CO2 diffuses across capillary into alveoli and ultimately exhaled
What is some O2 safety precautions?
Highly flammable
No smoking
Check all electrical equipment
Check portable tanks O2 level
Oils and petroleum lip balm
What is room air?
21% oxygen
What if FIO2 mean?
Fraction of inspired oxygen
How should you prepare the nasal cannula before putting it on the patient?
Cut the prongs off.. it makes it easier and more comfortable for the patient, and avoids pressure ulcers inside their nose
If they have to wear it for an extended period of time, pressure ulcers can form at the top of the ear, so just take a gauze and wrap it around so it cushions the ear
What is a nasal cannula?
It can be a low flow system of 2-6 L/min
Or a high flow at 6-10 L/min
1L/min on nasal cannula is how much FI02?
24%
What are the disadvantages of a nasal cannula?
Bleeding from nasal mucosa drying out, pressure ulcer on nares/septum/ears, skin burn if used with petroleum jelly
2L/min on the nasal cannula is how much oxygen?
27%
It’s ROUGHLY 3% ever liter
What is the liter flow for a simple mask?
5-8 L/min
It’s about 40% FIO2
What is the disadvantages of a simple mask?
Hinders eating/drinking, needs a good tight seal on the face
Concentration of oxygen of the partial rebreather mask?
50-75% FIO2, 8-11 L/min
How does the partial rebreather mask work?
Has reservoir bag that must remain inflated during inspiration and expiration. Liter flow is based on keeping the bag inflated.
Patient exhales and CO2 is vented through exhalation ports
Disadvantages of partial rebreather mask?
Hinders eating/drinking/talking, requires a tight seal on the face
What is a non rebreather mask
Similar to partial rebreather mask, except they have additional valves (no room air)
One way valve prevents rebreathing of CO2
Delivers the highest O2 concentration up to 100% oxygen… typically 10-15 L/min
What is the disadvantage of non-rebreathing mask?
Hinders eating/drinking/talking, tight seal is required
What is a Venturi mask?
Most reliable and accurate method for delivering precise concentrations of oxygen through noninvasive means
24-40% FIO2
And liter flow is marked on mask
What are signs of oxygen toxicity?
Muscle weakness, muscle twitching and the worse thing that could happen are convulsions
What should fluid intake be while on oxygen
1500 to 2000 ml/day to keep their membranes moist
When should we humidify while on oxygen?
When receiving oxygen at a rate greater than 4-5 L/min because it humidifies the oxygen they’re breathing in which helps prevent their nose from drying out
What is atelectasis
Alveoli or entire lung may collapse
Obstruction of airflow
Common after surgery
Assessment findings for atelectasis
Decreased lung sounds
Guarding
Shallow respirations
Pain
How to fix atelectasis?
Incentive spirometer
What is asthma
Chronic information and constriction
Airflow obstruction
