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Module 1 Exam 3 > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

Signs and symptoms of poor oxygenation?

A
  • RESTLESSNESS/ Confusion
  • Low BP
  • Cool Limbs
  • Pale or blue color
  • Slow Capillary
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2
Q

Ischemia

A

Bad blood flow

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3
Q

Lungs have large _________

A

Surface Area

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4
Q

What factors can influence lung disease?

A
  • Environment
  • Occupational
  • Personal
  • Social Habits
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5
Q

Types of Pulmonary Disease?

A

-Acute (Bronchitis) or Chronic (Asthma)

  • Obstructive (COPD) or Restrictive (Pulmonary Fibrosis/Sarcoidosis)
  • Infectious (Pneumonia) or Noninfectious (Asthma/COPD/Pulm. Fibrosis)
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6
Q

Symptoms of Respiratory. Alterations?

A
  • Cough
  • Dyspnea
  • Chest Pain
  • Abnormal Sputum
  • Hemoptysis
  • Altered breath patterns
  • Cyanosis
  • Fever
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7
Q

Orthopnea, and what’s one thing that can cause it?

A

Dyspnea while laying down, can be caused by COPD

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8
Q

What does clubbing insinuate?

A

Heart or lung disease that reduces O2 in blood

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9
Q

Difference between Hypoxia and Hypoxemia?

A
  • Hypoxemia = Low O2 in blood
  • Hypoxia = Low O2 in tissues/organs (Tough to measure)
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10
Q

2 Pnuemonics to remember hypoxia symptoms RAT and BED

A

Early RAT
- Restlessness
- Anxiety
- Tachycardic/pneic
Late to BED
- Bradycardia
- Extreme Restlessness
- Dyspnea

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11
Q

Where is O2 exchange taken place at?

A

Alveoli sacs in the lungs

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12
Q

What can Hypoventilation cause and what is it called?

What can Hyperventilation cause and what can it cause?

A
  • Too much CO2, called Hypercapnea
  • Too low CO2, called Hypocapnea
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13
Q

Atelectasis and how to prevent?

A

Collapsed air sacs

Prevention:
- Early Ambulation
- Turn Cough Deep Breath
- Incentive Spiometry

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14
Q

What color do you want to see in an X-ray of the lungs?

A
  • Black, it shows that there is air
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15
Q

How often should you listen to lung sounds?

A

Roughly every 4 hours

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16
Q

Aspiration and how to prevent?

A

Passage of food into the lungs, can lead to aspiration pneumonia

Prevention
- Assess pt’s swallowing ability
- Keep head of bed elevated with tubes
- Lung assessments

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17
Q

What is included in a complete respiratory assessment?

A
  • Rate
  • Use of Accessory muscles
  • Cyanosis
  • SpO2
  • Clubbing
  • Dyspnea
  • Adventitious breath sounds (Crackles, Wheezes, rhonchi, stridor, rubs)
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18
Q

Diagnostic tests for respirations?

A
  • X ray
  • Arterial Blood Gasses (Draw Blood)
  • Sputum Culture and sensitivity
  • CT
  • MRI
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Thoracentesis
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19
Q

What can we try to do before putting someone on O2?

A
  • Promote lung expansion
  • Change positions
  • Sit up
  • Daily activities
  • Cough
  • IS device

Post Op.
- IS
- TCDB (Turn, Cough, Deep, Breath)
- Splinting

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20
Q

What does a thoracentesis allow?

A

Gets a sample of fluid in lungs and allows testing directly

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21
Q

What is a SABA and its prefix?

A
  • Short Acting Beta Agonist
  • -erol
22
Q

What is Albuterol commonly used as? What are its common reactions?

A
  • Bronchodilator in an inhaler to use as needed or just before needed
  • Nervousness, tachycardia, headache, throat irritation
23
Q

What is the main use of corticosteroid?

A

Reduce inflammation

24
Q

What is Symbicort commonly used for? Common Symptoms?

A
  • LABA inhaler
  • Used twice a day to precent asthma attacks
  • Rinse and spit out after inhaling

Common Symptoms:
- Tachycardia
- Nervous
- Palpitations
- Oral Candaidiasis

25
Q

Proper assessment of pt’s on O2 therapy

A
  • Equipment/ Correct device
  • Flow rate is correct
  • Check vitals, LOC, and hypoxia
26
Q

What is the fraction of inspired oxygen?

A
  • FIO2
  • The % of oxygen being inhaled
27
Q

What is room air’s FIO2?

A

21%

28
Q

On an oxygen flow meter, what is a safe number to start with?

A

2-3

29
Q

How much air can a nasal cannula give and what is its FIO2?

A
  • Up to 6L/min FIO2 of 24%-44%
30
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Nasal Cannula

A

Advantages:
- Least invasive
- Allows for mobility and even eating

Disadvantages:
- Dries membranes
- Can cause skin breakdown

31
Q

When is a Venturi mask optimal over other devices?

A
  • When pt is mouth breathing due to nasal issues
32
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Venturi mask?

A

Advantages:
- Controls exact concentration of O2 with different colored nossels
- FIO2 of 24%-60% and flow rate of 4-12L/min

Disadvantages:
- Hot and confining
- Interferes with eating/talking
- Mainly used on COPD patients

33
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of of Nonrebreather masks?

A

Advantages:
- Highest concentrations of O2 that can reach up to 100%
- Treats hypoxia
- Lessens workload of breathing
- Has oneway valves to prevent loss in FIO2 or build up of CO2

Disadvantages:
Only used on very sick pt’s that need that high amount of O2

34
Q

When do you typically see a face tent?

A

After surgery

35
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Face tents?

A

Advantages:
- Alternative mask for claustrophobia
- 28%-100% with flow of 8-12L/min

Disadvantages:
- Difficult to control concentration of O2

36
Q

What to document for O2 situations?

A
  • Date and time of initiation
  • Method of delivery
    -LPM
  • Pt response
  • Skin condition
  • respiratory assessment
  • Any pt/family teaching
37
Q

Physical and Physiological factors that can alter Pulse Ox accuracy?

A

Physical:
- Movement/Placement
- BP devices
- Lights, and nail augmentations

Physiological:
- Poor arterial flow/edema
- Cold hands and poor capillary filling
- Anemia

38
Q

Purpose of an Incentive Spirometer (IS)

A
  • Helps prevent post-op complications, like atelectasis
  • Encourages long and deep breaths
  • Gives visual feedback
39
Q

How often should and IS be used by pt?

A

At least 10 breaths every 2 hours (You can tell pt to take some every time there’s a commercial on tv for example)

40
Q

Some safety facts on Oxygen Safety?

A
  • Cannot smoke when on O2, O2 is flammable
  • No aerosol sprays like fabreeze
  • No petroleum products like many lip balms, some hospitals will carry petroleum free lip balm
41
Q

When does O2 toxicity occur?

A

When someone breaths 100% O2 for >12 hours

42
Q

How do we properly get someone off of O2?

A

Slowly ween them off little by little

43
Q

Signs of oxygen toxicity?

A
  • Pallor
  • Sweating
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Seizures
  • Vertigo
  • Nausea or vomiting-
  • Hallucinations or visual changes
  • Anxiety
  • Chest pain or dyspnea
44
Q

Some respiratory allergic symptoms?

A
  • Runny nose
  • Cough
  • Red eyes
  • Edema
  • Vomiting
  • Rash
  • Redness
  • Sneezing
  • Lacrimation (Teary eyes)
45
Q

Anaphylaxis implications in the skin?

A
  • Hives
  • Swelling
  • Itching
  • Warmth and redness
46
Q

Anaphylaxis implications in respiration?

A
  • Coughing and wheezing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain
  • Throat tightness
  • Swallowing issues
  • Hoarse voice
  • Nasal congestion or hay fever-like symptoms
47
Q

Anaphylaxis implications in GI tract?

A
  • Nausea
  • Stomach pain/cramps
  • Vomiting and diarrhea
48
Q

Anaphylaxis Implications in Cardiovascular system?

A
  • Dizziness/Lightheadedness
  • Pale/Cyanosis
  • Weak pulse
  • fainting
  • Shock
  • Loss of consciousness
49
Q

Anaphylaxis implications in Neuro system?

A
  • Anxiety
  • “Impeding doom” feeling
  • Headache
50
Q

Most common symptoms of Anaphylaxis?

A
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Hives
  • Swelling of tongue and inability to swallow
  • Rapid swelling of throat tissue

Module 1 Exam 3 (6 decks)

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