Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 333: > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

ventilation

A

movement of gas in/out of lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

diffusion

A

CO2/O2 exchange in alveoli/RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

perfusion

A

distribution of oxygenated RBC to all tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

breathing is a ___ process

A

passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what regulates breathing

A

O2, CO2, and pH of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hypercarbia

A

increase in CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens when CO2 increases

A

increase rate and depth of breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what changes lung volume

A

age
gender
height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tidal volume

A

amount of air exhales following normal inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

function of alveoli

A

promote gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

assessment of breathing

A

normal: 12-20, rate/depth/rhythm
abnormal: above 27 risks cardiac arrest, pain, clogging, anxious, irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what muscles do m/f/children use to breath

A

male and children: abdominal muscles
female: thoracic muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

crackles

A

fine to coarse bubbly sounds, associated w air passing through fluid or collapsed small airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

wheezes

A

high pitched whistling, narrow obstructed airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rhonchi

A

loud low pitched rumbling, fluid/mucus in airway
- resolved with coughing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stridor

A

choking, children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pleural friction rub

A

inflamed pleural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

vesicular lung sounds

A

low pitched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

broncho vesicular

A

medium pitched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bronchial

A

high pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bradypnea

A

rate of breathing is regular but abnormally slow
- less than 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

tachypnea

A

rate of breathing is regular but abnormally rapid
- more than 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

apnea

A

resp cease for several seconds, persistent cessation results in resp arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hyperventilation

A

rate and depth of respirations increase
- removing CO2 faster than produced by cellular metabolism
- caused by anxiety, infection, fever, drugs, acid base imbalance, aspirin poisoning
-s/s: rapid respirations, sighing breaths, numbness/tingling, light headedness, loss of consciousness
increased WOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

hypoventilation

A

resp rate is abnormally low and depth is depressed
- inadequate alveolar ventilation to meet demand (too much CO2, not enough O2)
- caused by medications, collapsed lung
- s/s: mental status changes, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, death
- often result of drug OD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how is diffusion/perfusion measure

A

O2 sat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is SpO2 vs SaO2

A

peripheral oxygenation vs arterial oxygenation
- normal measure is 95-98% but limits can be lower if have COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

work of breathing

A

effort to expand and contract lungs
- determined by rate and depth of breath
- inspiration = active
- expiration = passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

compliance

A

ability of lung to distend and expand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

decrease compliance, increase resistance, and/or increase accessory muscles ___ work of breathing

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

factors that affect oxygenation

A

-decrease o2 carrying capacity (RBC)
-hypovolemia (blood volume)
-decreased inspired o2 (altitude, hypoventilation)
-chest wall movement (obesity, pregnancy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

goal of ventilation

A

normal arterial carbon dioxide tension and normal arterial oxygenation tension
- PaO2: 80-100
- PaCO2: 35-45

33
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed alveoli (deflated sacs or filled w fluid)
- associated w immobility, obesity, sleep apnea, lung conditions
- can lead to collapsed lung –> respiratory distress

34
Q

hypoxia

A

inadequate tissue oxygenation
- not enough oxygen at cellular level

35
Q

why can hypoxia lead to cardiac dysrhythmia?

A

cardiac muscle/cells not getting any O2

36
Q

causes of hypoxia

A

-decreased hemoglobin
- diminished o2 conc
- inability of tissues to get oxygen from blood
- decreased diffused o2 from alveoli to blood bc infection
- poor perfusion like shock
- impaired ventilation from trauma

37
Q

s/s of hypoxia

A

-restlessness
-inability to conc
- difficulty lying flat
- fatigue but agitated
- increase pulse/resp
- initial inc in bp, then low/shoch level bp
-cyanosis of skin/mucous mems (late sign)

38
Q

Differentiate between early new late hypoxia

A

early:
- rat: restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia
late:
- bed: bradycardia, extreme restlessness, dyspnea

39
Q

chronic hypoxia

A

associated with chronic lung conditions (COPD)
- usually have cyanotic nail beds, sluggish cap refill, clubbing fingers, barrel chest

40
Q

lifestyle/env affecting O2

A
  • smoking
  • obesity
  • air pollution/quality
  • malnourishment
  • lack of exercise
  • substance abuse
  • occupational exposure
41
Q

dyspnea

A

associated w hypoxia
subjective–> I cant breath
- s/s: use of accessory muscles, nasal flaring, inc rate/depth
-1-10 rate it

42
Q

cough

A

protective reflex to clear trachea, bronchi, lung of irritants and secretions
- un/productive
- chronic vs acute
- adequate hydration
- encourage coughing
- measure pain

43
Q

specimen collection (sputum)

A

to analyze for pathogens
- best collected in morning, 1-2 hr after eating
- sterile specimen container
- as much sputum or can suction too

44
Q

sputum culture. sensitivity

A

identify a specific microorg

45
Q

sputum for acid fast bacillus

A

detection of TB, continuous for 3 days

46
Q

sputum for cytology

A

lung cancer

47
Q

basic ventilation studies

A

ability of lungs to efficiently exchange o2 and co2
- pulmonary obstructive vs restrictive disease

48
Q

peak expiratory flow rate

A

point of highest flow during maximal expiration
- reflects changes in airway size, predicts overall airway resistance

49
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the tracheobronchial tree to obtain fluid, sputum, or biopsy samples

50
Q

lung scan

A

nuclear scanning to identify abnormal masses

51
Q

nursing diagnosis related to oxygenation
- priority problems

A
  • ineffective airway clearance
  • risk for aspiration
  • impaired gas exchange
  • activity intolerance
52
Q

long term prevention

A
  • vaccinations
  • healthy lifestyle
  • env and occupational exposures
53
Q

dyspnea management

A

hard to treat but start w underlying condition
- o2 therapy
- pharmacological treatment (bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, etc)
- mobility can worsen problem

54
Q

airway maintenance

A

CAB: circulation, airway, breathing
maintain patent airway is nursing priority
- always watch pulse while problems occur

55
Q

managing pulmonary secretions

A

mobile: promotes lung expansion
hydrate: reduces viscosity
humidification: moistens airways, loosens secretions
medications

56
Q

positioning

A

position for max respiratory function
- change frequently
- mobilizes secretions
- prevents atelectasis

57
Q

cough and deep breath

A
  • cough keeps airway clear and gets rid of sputum
  • deep breathing increases air to lower lungs, promotes gas exchange at alveolar level
58
Q

cascade cough

A
59
Q

huff cough

A
60
Q

quad cough

A
61
Q

nurses best defense

A

turn cough deep breath

62
Q

chest physiotherapy

A

goal: mobilize pulmonary secretions
- postural drainage, chest percussion, chest vibrations–> follow with cough, deep breath
- indications: thick secretions, weak muscles so can’t cough
- contraindications: pregnant, torso injury, bleeding disorder, osteoporosis

63
Q

postural drainage

A

lay on unaffected side to promote drainage
- ex: infiltration on right lower lobe so lay on left in tberg

64
Q

suctioning

A

indicated when pt cant clear secretion on own
- sterile procedure
- orotracheal and nasotracheal
- extremely uncomfortable and should be less than 10 secs

65
Q

incentive spirometer

A

promotes lung expansion through deep breathing
- prevents/treats atelectasis
- know how to use correctly

66
Q

what is a goal of oxygen therapy?

A
  • prevent or relieve hypoxia
67
Q

what is the conc of o2 given during therapy

A

anything higher than ra (21%)

68
Q

what must you have to administer o2

A

HCP order

69
Q

can o2 be delegated?

A

can delegate to CNA
- applying nasal cannula, oxygen mask
nurse must assess and respond to pt needs and adjustments

70
Q

safety precautions for o2

A

highly flammable
- should have sign on door
- no open flames, smoking around it

71
Q

nasal cannula

A

1-6 L (22-44%), safe and well tolerated
- can lead to skin breakdown in ears, nose
- tubing can dislodge easily to make sure always connected
- use humidification if greater than 4 L

72
Q

simple face mask

A

6-12 L (33-55%), best for short periods of time like transportation
- not great is claustrophobic, risk for skin breakdown, higher risk of aspiration
- assess for proper fit

73
Q

partial rebreather

A

6-11 L (60-75%), used for short periods of dyspnea or other increase o2 needs
- rebreathe up to 1/3 of exhaled air
- helps w humidification
- reservoir bag partially inflated

74
Q

non-rebreather

A

10-15 L (80-95%), pt in critical need for o2
- step before intubation
- one way valve allowing client to inhale max o2 conc, exhalation ports restrict exhaled air from being rebreathed
- watch for aspiration
- hourly assessments

75
Q

ventri mask

A

4-12 L (24-50%)
- provides precise o2 delivery with humidity
- not for long periods of time
- used when pt needs highly regulated o2 conc

76
Q

other types of face masks for o2

A
  • face tent: 24-100%, high humidity, usually post operative
  • high flow nasal cannula
  • nasal cannula with entitle co2 monitor (telemetry)
77
Q

why humifidication

A

prevents drying out mucous membranes
- use when greater than 4 L
- sterile water
- aka bubbler

78
Q

complications of O2 therapy

A
  • drying mucous membranes
  • o2 toxicity
  • skin breakdown
79
Q

assessment cues

A
  • cough
  • pain:
  • dyspnea
  • shortness of breath
  • breath sounds

NUR 333: (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions