Oxygen therapy + Ventilation Flashcards
List some ways you can give oxygen?
How much oxygen do they give?
What indications?
Non-rebreathe mask:
- 85-95%
- acutely unwell patients
Nasal cannulae:
- 24-30%
- mild hypoxia
Hudson facemask:
- 30-40%
- mild-moderate hypoxia
Venturi mask:
- specific %
- COPD
CPAP:
- sleep apnoea, heart failure, type 1 resp failure
BiPAP:
- type 2 respiratory failure
Invasive ventilation:
- 100%
- unable to maintain own airway
What is meant by high flow oxygen?
Non-rebreathe mask
15L/min
How does a venturi mask work? When would you use one?
They come in different sizes and you are told to set a certain flow rate for each size.
They suck in air to combine with the oxygen. The size and flow rate affects the concentration of oxygen the patient gets.
Good when you want to give a specific concentration, like in COPD patients in type 2 resp failure
List the ways you can manage an airway?
Simple:
- bag + mask
- oropharyngeal (to aid b+m)
- nasopharyngeal
Advanced:
- LMA
- Endotracheal tube
- Tracheostomy
List the methods of ventilation.
Non-invasive:
- CPAP
- BiPAP
Invasive (ET tube or tracheostomy needed)
- Volume control
- Pressure
Non-invasive ventilation:
- types
- description
- indications
CPAP:
- continuous positive airway pressure
- maintains minimum airway pressure, keeps alveoli open preventing alveolar collapse, forcing fluid back into capillaries
- used in type 1 respiratory failure (low O2, normal CO2)
BiPAP:
- biphasic positive airway pressure
- maintains minimum airway pressure as above, but also adds inspiratory pressure
- used in type 2 respiratory failure (low O2, high CO2)
What are the two types of invasive ventilation. Describe.
Volume control
- used in theatre
- a set volume of air given each time
Pressure control
- used in ITU
- set to a certain pressure, then the right amount of air is given to reach that pressure
