Oxygen Supply and Cellular Respiration

Question 1

hemoglobin

Answer 1

the pigment responsible for the red color of blood

binds more easily with oxygen at relatively cool temperatures.

When close to muscle - where temperature increases - the bonds between it and oxygen weaken making it easier for myoglobin to take oxygen from it.

Question 2

myoglobin

Answer 2

synthesized in muscles cells and causes the reddish brown color of skeletal muscle tissue.

can also loosely combine with oxygen (from hemoglobin). This ability to store oxygen temporarily reduces a muscle’s requirement for a continuous blood supply during muscular contraction.

Question 3

Oxygen Debt

Answer 3

Added oxygen, beyond normal, consumed after exercise - often referred to “recovery oxygen uptake”.

equals the amount of oxygen required by liver cells to convert the accumulated lactic acid into glucose, plus the amount muscle cells require to restore ATP and creatine phosphate to their original concentrations

Question 4

Breathing

Answer 4

brings oxygen in the body for delivery into cells for use in cellular respiration

Question 5

Heavy breathing

Answer 5

following strenuous exercise occurs due to oxygen debt.

Question 6

fatigue

Answer 6

A muscle exercise strenuously for a prolonged period may lose its ability to contract

Question 7

Cramp

Answer 7

spasmodic muscle contractions in which the muscle is not allowed to relax completely between contraction

Question 8

Strain

Answer 8

minimal to moderate tearing of the muscle fibers and possible associated connective tissues due to overstretching.

Question 9

muscle tone

Answer 9

certain amount of sustained contraction occurring in fibers, even when those muscles appear to be at rest.

This is partial but sustained contraction.

Question 10

hypertrophy

Answer 10

increase size and strength resulting from activity

Question 11

atrophy

Answer 11

decrease size and strength due to inactivity

Question 12

slow-twitch (ST) fibers

Answer 12

Small							
Red (myoglobin)					
Rich blood supply					
Contract relatively weak				
Resistant to fatigue					strength
Reach peak contraction in 80-100ms
Neuron conducts @ 60-70 m/s

Question 13

fast-twitch (FT) fibers

Answer 13

With Training			
Large							
Pale								
Less blood supply					
Contract relatively strong				
Fatigable							twitch fiber (FOG – FG)
Reach peak contraction in 40-60ms			
Neuron conducts @ 80-90m/s