Oxygen deficit, steady state

Question 1

Deficit

Answer 1

An amount of something is too small

Question 2

O2 deficit(when does it occur, what is it, result of it)

Answer 2

• the situation that arises when we move from rest to exercise
• when we do not give our respiratory, circulatory and cardiovascular systems sufficient time to be able to supply energy demands of the body
• therefore other anaerobic energy sources are tapped to supply the ATP for performance

Question 3

do trained atheltes experience less o2 deficit?

Answer 3

yes, because
- more mitochondira
- more myoglobin in blood

Question 3

o2 deficit equation

Answer 3

o2 deficit= amount of oxygen required for the task(had all the energy been supplied aerobically) - amount the body was able to supply
(until the point where our body can reach a steady state)

Question 4

Why does oxygen deficit occur?

Answer 4

because the respiratory and circulatory systems take some time to adjust to the new oxygen demand (even at low exercise intensities)
- amount of o2 supplied lags behind the amount needed until the systems make the necessary adjustments required to increase oxygen supply

Question 5

What adjustments does the body conduct to cease oxygen deficit?

Answer 5

• increase respiratory rate
• increase tidal volume (volume we can take in of o2
• increase heart rate-> pump out more
• increase stroke volume (pumps harder, more blood leaves the heart in one go

Question 6

definition for oxygen deficit

Answer 6

the amount of energy which has to be supplied by anaerobic metabolic processes in the early minutes following the start of exercise due to the slow increase in o2 uptake.

Question 7

how could oxygen deficit occur again?

Answer 7

• increased pace
• going uphill

Question 8

describe graph of o2 consumption and time during an o2 deficit

Answer 8

parabolic graph-> negative

Question 9

when is the aerobic steady state reached?

Answer 9

when there is a balance between the amount of energy needed for activity and the amount of energy being supplied aerobically in the body.

Question 10

how is the aerobic steady state shown on the graph?

Answer 10

• heart rate
• on a graph of either heart rate or respiration rate as a plateau or flat line.

Question 11

oxygen deficit and oxygen debt graph

Answer 11

photos

Question 12

When do athletes achieve an aerobic steady state?(numerically)

Answer 12

can achieve an aerobic steady state at any point within their aerobic training zone
- varies as being anywhere between 60-85% of MHR (maximum heart rate)
- considered to be most effective in the 65-75% MHR region- the person can still carry on a conversation (talk test) THIS IS NOT IMPORTANT, ONLY THE TOP BIT

Question 13

What happens when the athlete moves from one steady state to another?

Answer 13

• occurs when an athlete moves from one steady state to another, within their aerobic training zone(a percentage range of an individual’s maximum heart rate designated for appropriate aerobic fitness improvement)
• by increasing their exercise intensity
• the anaerobic system (typically the LA system), supplies the extra ATP required
• until the oxygen system is back in balance at the higher intensity
• this increases the total oxygen deficit

Question 14

when will the body eventually stop increasing exercise intensity and increasing o2 deficit?

Answer 14

everytime o2 deficit occurs, dumps more LA into body
- stays at that point until LA make the body stop

Question 15

aerobic steady state definition

Answer 15

the state in which oxygen supply equals oxygen demand so that virtually all the required ATP to maintain the current exercise intensity is being supplied aerobically.

Question 16

VO2

Answer 16

Oxygen uptake
The body’s ability to consume and utilise oxygen to produce energy

Question 17

VO2 max can be defined as

Answer 17

The highest rate of oxygen consumption attainable during maximal or exhaustive exercise

Question 18

What is the VO2 max usually at?

Answer 18

2- 3.5 Litres per minute

Question 19

What are some factors that can impact the VO2 of a person?

Answer 19

Gender
Body size

Question 20

Compare absolute and relative VO2 max

Answer 20

• absolute VO2 max figures do not take into consideration the body size of an individual
• relative VO2 max does it differently by: absolute reading/ weight, and by using millilitres instead of litres (mL/kg/min)

Question 21

how to calculate relative vo2 max from absolute vo2 max?

e.g. 80 kg male with absolute vo2 max of 3000L/min

Answer 21

80 kg
3000 L/min–> 3000mL
3000/80–> 37.5 mL/kg/min

Question 22

What does the VO2 tell us?

Answer 22

indicator of a person’s aerobic capacity

Question 23

What tests can be done to determine a person’s VO2?

Answer 23

• predictive testing: beep test, results translated into VO2 max figure
• expensive machinery

Question 24

Factors that affect an individual’s VO2 max

Answer 24

• aerobic fitness
• body size: because oxygen and energy needs differ relative to size/ body surface area: may be more accurate when comparing children and between sexes
• gender: women tend to have lower VO2 max scores than men, mainly due to having less muscle and more fat (genetics)
• heredity: extent to which VO2 max can be improved is genetically determined
• age: VO2 can peak as early as 10 yr for girls and 16 for boys, may not be till late 20s or 30s for trained endurance athletes, declines rapidly after 50 yr (due to decrease in cardio-respiratory efficiency, muscle mass and increase in body fat, slower rate of decline in active people