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Z Chemistry GCSE > Oxygen And Oxides > Flashcards

Oxygen And Oxides Flashcards

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1
Q

What is in air?

A 
Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Argon - 0.9%
CO2 - 0.04%
Noble gases
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2
Q

How do you experimentally investigate the percentage of oxygen in air?

A
  1. The apparatus originally contained 100cm3 of air
  2. This air is passed backwards and forwards over heated copper, this turns black as copper (II) oxide is formed
  3. During the reaction the Bunsen Burner is moved along the tube so that it is always heating fresh copper. The volume stops contracting and the copper stops turning black
  4. On cooling, the volume of air in the gas syringes decreases from 100cm3 to roughly 79cm3 as all the oxygen in the air is used up
  5. Therefore the air contained 21% of oxygen as 21% of the gas has been used up
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3
Q

How would you use the rusting of iron to show the percentage of oxygen in the air?

A
  1. Place iron wool, having been soaked in acetic acid (the acid will catalyse the reaction) in a test tube containing air
  2. The tube is inverted into a beaker of water and the level of the water is marked by a small rubber band
  3. After a week the water level will rise as the oxygen in the air has been used up by the iron to form iron oxide
  4. If original volume of air was 15cm3 and decreased to 12cm3 = 3/15 x 100 = 20 so 20% of oxygen in the air
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4
Q

How would you use phosphorus to show the percentage of oxygen in the air?

A
  1. Phosphorus is heated and placed into a bell jar, partially submerged in water
  2. The water level in the bell jar will rise by roughly 20% as the phosphorus reacts with oxygen in the air to from a white smoke (bits of solid) which is phosphorus oxide
    - All these experiments work out to show 20% of oxygen in air because the elements used form solid oxides which don’t take up space
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5
Q

How do you make oxygen in the lab?

A
  • Decompose hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
  • Use manganese (IV) oxide catalyst
    1. Collection over water: you can use a delivery tube to bubble the gas into an upside-down measuring cylinder or gas jar filled with water
    2. Gas syringe: you can use a gas syringe to collect pretty much any gas
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6
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

-Re-lights a glowing splint

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7
Q

How does magnesium react with oxygen?

A
  • Burns with a bright white flame
  • White solid is formed
  • Magnesium oxide formed is slightly alkaline when dissolved in water (BASIC)
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8
Q

How does carbon react with oxygen?

A
  • Will burn in air with a bright orange flame if strongly heated
  • Colourless gas formed
  • Carbon dioxide is slightly acidic when its dissolved in water
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9
Q

How does sulphur react with oxygen?

A
  • Burns with a pale blue flame
  • Colourless gas formed
  • Sulphur dioxide is acidic when dissolved in water
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10
Q

How does sodium react with oxygen?

A
  • Burns with a bright orange flame
  • White solid formed
  • Sodium oxide is alkaline when dissolved in water
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11
Q

How do you make carbon dioxide in the lab?

A
  • React marble chips (CaCO3) with dilute HCL to form CaCl2 H2O and CO2
    1. Place calcium carbonate (marble chips) at bottom of a flask and dilute HCL is added
  • Can do experiment with a delivery tube and using downwards delivery as CO2 is denser than air
  • CO2 replaces (displaces) the air in the test tube
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12
Q

Describe the properties of carbon dioxide and its function

A

Odourless, colourless, denser than air and slightly soluble in water

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13
Q

Describe the test for carbon dioxide

A

Turns limewater (calcium hydroxide solution) milky

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14
Q

How do you make hydrogen in the lab?

A
  • React granules with dilute H2SO4 to form ZnSO4 (aq) and H2 (g)
  • Hydrogen is the lightest gas
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15
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

Makes a squeaky pop with a lighted splint (The noise comes from the hydrogen bring with the oxygen in the air to form H2O), Burns with a squeaky ‘pop’

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16
Q

How do you make carbon dioxide from the thermal decomposition of metal carbonates such as copper (II) carbonate?

A
  1. Heat metal carbonate (example of thermal decomposition as substance breaks down into simpler substances when heated)
  2. Copper (II) carbonate is a green powder that will easily dissolve to from carbon dioxide and copper (II) oxide when you heat it
    - CuCO3 (s) –> CuO (s) + CO2 (g)
  3. Heat copper (II) carbonate then collect the gas that is given off using the downward delivery method
17
Q

Why is carbon dioxide used in fizzy drinks?

A
  1. Used in fizzy drinks as dissolves in water under pressure, this produces a slightly acidic solution due to the formation of carbonic acid
    - CO2 (g) + H2O (l) –> H2CO3 (aq)
    - carbon dioxide + water –> carbonic acid
  2. When you open the bottle the bubbles are the CO2 escaping, if you leave the drink out long enough it will go flat because all the CO2 escapes
18
Q

Why is carbon dioxide used for fire extinguishers?

A
  1. Used in fire extinguishers as carbon dioxide is more dense than air dense so sinks onto the flames preventing oxygen, which the fire needs, from reaching the flames and so carbon dioxide smothers the flames
  2. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are used when water extinguishers are not safe, for example when putting out electrical fires
19
Q

Describe carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas

A
  1. The temperature of the Earth is a balance between the heat it gets from the Sun and the heat it radiateds back out into space
  2. Gases in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, naturally act like an insulating layer and are often called greenhouse gases
    - They absorb most of the heat that would normally be radiated out into space, and re-radiate it in all directions, including back towards Earth
20
Q

How does human activity affect the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

A

Examples:

  1. Deforestation: fewer trees means less CO2 is removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis
  2. Burning fossil fuels: carbon that was ‘locked up’ in these fuels is being released as CO2 when burnt
    - It is because of this human activity that over the last 200 years or so, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing, for this to have happened, CO2 must be being released into the air faster than it is being removed and this is linked to climate change
21
Q

How does increasing carbon dioxide linked to climate change?

A
  1. There is a correlation between increasing levels of carbon dioxide and the gradual heating up of the Earth’s atmosphere (global warming)
  2. Although the Earth’s temperature varies naturally, there is a scientific consensus that the extra carbon dioxide has caused the average temperature of the Earth to increase
  3. Global warming is a type of climate change and causes other types of climate change, e.g. changing rainfall patterns. It could also cause severe flooding due to the polar ice caps melting and sea level rise
22
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

Relights a glowing splint

23
Q

What is the test for ammonia?

A

Turns damp red litmus paper blue (It also has a very strong smell)

24
Q

What is the test for chlorine?

A

Bleaches damp litmus paper, turning it white (it may turn red for a moment first though, that is because a solution of chlorine is acidic)

Z Chemistry GCSE (16 decks)

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