Ox Phos Agbas

Question 1

what is the outer membrane permeable/impermeable to?

Answer 1

permeable to small molecules

Question 2

what happens in the mitochondrial matrix?

high or low pH?

Answer 2

PDH
urea cycle
Fatty acid beta-oxidation
TCA enzymes

high pH

Question 3

in a Redox reaction, where is the oxidant located?

Answer 3

on the same side as the electrons

Question 4

high E0’ means what?

Answer 4

High affinity for electrons

BADLY wants electron pair

Question 5

what enzyme catalyzes superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide?

O2- –> H2O2

Answer 5

superoxide dismutase

Question 6

what enzyme catalyzes hydrogen peroxide to water?

H2O2 –> H2O

Answer 6

catalase

Question 7

what enzyme catalyzes H2O2–>GSSG?

Answer 7

glutathione peroxidase

Question 8

what does a successful OxPhos accomplish?

Answer 8

transfer e- from NADH and FADH2 to O2

establish a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

synthesize ATP

Question 9

what is complex I of ETC?

action?

Answer 9

NADH dehydrogenase

NADH –> NAD+

donate 2e- to coQ
pumps 4H+ from matrix into IM space

Question 10

complex II ETC?

action?

Answer 10

succinate dehydrogenase

FADH2 –> FADH

transfers 2e- from FADH2 to coQ

Question 11

CoQ ETC?

action

Answer 11

cytochrome c reductase

accepts 2 e- from complex 1 and 2, transfer to complex 3

Question 12

Complex III ETC?

function

Answer 12

cytochrome-c reductase

accepts 2 e- and donates them to cyto-c

pumps 4H+ from matrix into IM space

Question 13

cyto C ETC?

action?

Answer 13

accepts e- from complex 3, donates them to 4

Question 14

complex IV ETC?

action?

Answer 14

cytochrome c-oxidase
pumps 2 H+ into IM space

accepts e- from cyto-c and transfers them to O2, which forms water
O2–>H2O

Question 15

complex V ETC?

action?

Answer 15

ATP synthase

moves protons from IM space into matrix to make ATP

Question 16

delta G0’ = ?

Answer 16

-nF delta E0’

Question 17

what drugs inhibit complexes 1-5?

Answer 17

1-RAMP
2-M
3-A
4-CCH
5-O

Question 18

what happens when transfer of electrons is inhibited?

Answer 18

dec. in proton gradient

inhibit ATP synthesis

Question 19

what complex does Kearns-Sayre syndrome affect?

Sx?

Answer 19

All

eye pain, ptosis, cardiac stuff, before age 20

Question 20

what complex does MELAS syndrome affect?

Sx?

Answer 20

1, 4

m. weakness and pain, vommiting, seizures, no appetite, onset infancy

Question 21

what complex does LHON syndrome affect?

Sx?

Answer 21

1, 3

optic nerve fucked, loss of central vision

Question 22

what complex does Leigh syndrome affect?

Sx?

Answer 22

1, 4

dysphagia, weak motor skills, lesions in ganglia

Question 23

what complex does MERRF syndrome affect?

Sx?

Answer 23

1, 4

muscle spasms, hearing loss, dementia

Question 24

what complex does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy syndrome affect?

Sx?

Answer 24

3, 4

enlargement and degeneration of cardiac m.

Question 25

what complex does Pearson syndrome affect? Sx?

Answer 25

ALL anemia, pancreas dysfunction

Question 26

what complex does Hypertension and high cholesterol syndrome affect? Sx?

Answer 26

1, 4 BP > 140/90 cholesterol > 200mg/dL

Question 27

what complex does diabetes and deafness syndrome affect? Sx?

Answer 27

1, 4 you know these

Question 28

what contributes O2 for ROS production?

Answer 28

complex 1 and 3

Question 29

SOD2 works where with what metal?

Answer 29

matrix Manganese

Question 30

SOD1 works where with what metal?

Answer 30

IM space Cu and Zn

Question 31

where does the Malate-Aspartate shuttle operate? what does it do?

Answer 31

heart, liver, kidney KLS --> KLH helps NADH enter ETC at complex 1

Question 32

where does the Glycerophosphate shuttle operate? function?

Answer 32

Brain and skeletal m. Bad Manner helps FADH2 donate e- to CoQ

Question 33

Lower E0' means what?

Answer 33

lower affinity for e- wants to DONATE them

Question 34

what factors constitute a proton motive force (pmf)?

Answer 34

pH gradient | membrane potential

Question 35

what is the inner membrane permeable to? high or low pH in intermembrane space?

Answer 35

impermeable to small molecules except H20, CO2, O2, NH3 low pH

Question 36

what factors inhibit complex 5 (ATP synthase) by uncouplers (heat generators)?

Answer 36

membrane damage - AraC, AZT proton carriers - DNP, aspirin proton channel - UCP-1

Question 37

What does Adrenodoxin (FDX1) do?

Answer 37

participates in biosynthesis of steroid hormones in adrenal glands, metabolism of Vit D and bile acids

Question 38

what does FDX2 do?

Answer 38

biosynthesis of heme-a (cyto-oxidase) and aconitase

Question 39

what are ferredoxins? important for what?

Answer 39

cyto P-450 systems that have Fe and Su bacterial metabolism and plant photosynthesis

Question 40

which ETC complex does NOT have mtDNA? what do defects in mtDNA lead to?

Answer 40

II ETC defect, MIDgut cancer, proto-oncogene damage

Question 41

what does Rotenone inhibit? treatment? link to what disease?

Answer 41

complex 1 Vit K3 or IV of glucose Parkinson's

Question 42

What does cyanide bind to? Result? Treatment?

Answer 42

Fe3+ of heme at complex 4 asphyxiation and death, Azide (N3-) also does this thiosulfate

Question 43

What does CO and NO do to ETC?

Answer 43

compete w/O2 for heme in complex 4 CN and H2S are noncomp inhibitor, CO is comp. inhibitor

Question 44

what causes hyperthemia by disrupting the proton gradient across the IM membrane? what is the treatment?

Answer 44

aspirin and DNP gastric lavage and hemodialysis

Question 45

where is the CyP family located? act as what?

Answer 45

ER and mitochondria mono-oxidases that reduce O2 to H2O

Question 46

what is activated in O2 starvation? what does this do?

Answer 46

IF1 stops ATP synthase from hydrolyzing ATP