Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fertility + Reproduction > Ovulation Disorders + Failure > Flashcards

Ovulation Disorders + Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is oligomenorrhoea?

A

Cycles > 42 days in length

Less than 8 periods a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is amenorrhoea?

A

Absent menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a Group I ovulatory disorder ?

A

Hypothalamic pituitary failure - issue is with hormones higher up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a Group II ovulatory disorder ?

A

Hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction (most common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a Group III ovulatory disorder ?

A

Ovarian insufficiency - menopause, ovarian failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the GAIN FIT PIE pneumonic?

A

Aetiology of ovulation disorders

Genetic
Autoimmune
Iatrogenic
Neoplasm

Functional
Infectious / inflammatory
Trauma + vascular

Physiological
Idiopathic
Endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Signs of hypothalamic ovulation disorder?

A

Amenorrhoea, low levels of FSH / LH / Oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a progesterone challenge test?

A

Administration of progesterone to induce a period (provera)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is suggested if progesterone challenge test does not induce bleeding ?

A

Low oestrogen levels, uterine / endometrial abnormality or cervical stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Management options of hypothalamic ovulation disorders?

A

Pulsatile GnRH - SC or IV pump worn continuously with pulsatile administration every 90 minutes

Gonadotrophin daily injections - cause higher multiple pregnancy rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Signs of a pituitary issue ovulatory disorder?

A

Amenorrhoea, low levels of FSH / LH / Oestrogen, possible co-existent abnormalities in other anterior pituitary hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is hyperprolactinaemia ?

A

Raise in prolactin causing leakage of milky substance from nipples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do we treat hyperprolactinaemia ?

A

Dopamine agonist - cabergoline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do we diagnose hyperprolactinaemia ?

A

Raised serum prolactin, low/normal FSH/LH, low oestrogen

MRI to find prolactinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Signs of ovarian ovulatory disorders?

A

Characterised by high levels of gonadotrophins (FSH / LH) and low oestrogen levels

Amenorrhoea, menopausal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Premature ovarian insufficiency treatment options?

A

Hormone replacement therapy, egg / embryo donation or cryopreservation

17
Q

What is PCOS ?

A

A diagnosis based on 2/3 criteria:

  • Oligo/amenorrhoea
  • Polycystic ovaries on USS
  • Clinical / biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism (acne, hirsutism)
18
Q

What is a common endocrine complication of PCOS ?

A

Insulin resistance - PCOS patients more likely to have T2DM

19
Q

Management of PCOS ?

A

Subfertility - ovulation induction

General management of associated acne / hirsutism / obesity

20
Q

Medical management of PCOS ?

A

Clomiphene citrate (anti-oestrogen) tablets for 2-6 days to begin with - monitored with scans

Gonadotrophin therapy daily injections - highly successful but more risk

21
Q

What diabetic medication is commonly given in PCOS ?

A

Metformin - in combination with other lifestyle factors can restore menstruation and ovulation

22
Q

What is the surgical management of PCOS ?

A

Laparoscopic ovarian diathermy - keyhole surgery and needle delivery of heat to the ovary

23
Q

What is the rule of 4 in relation to PCOS surgery ?

A

40W current, 4 seconds, 4 punctures for the laparoscopic ovarian diathermy

24
Q

Last line treatment of PCOS ?

A

IVF

25
Q

The 3 main risks of ovulation induction?

A
  • Ovarian hyperstimulation
  • Multiple pregnancy
  • Ovarian cancer risk
26
Q

Give 3 reasons for premature ovarian failure?

A

Genetic (Turner’s, fragile X)
Chemo / radiotherapy
Idiopathic

27
Q

Give the common clinical features of premature ovarian failure?

A

Hot flushes, night sweats
Atrophic vaginitis
Amenorrhoea
Infertility

28
Q

Give the endocrine features of premature ovarian failure?

A

High FSH
High LH
Low oestradiol

29
Q
A

Fertility + Reproduction (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions