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Reproductive System > Ovulation, Conception and Implantation > Flashcards

Ovulation, Conception and Implantation Flashcards

1
Q

How many chromosomes do oocytes contain?

A

46

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2
Q

What is the primary oocyte contained within?

A

The pregranulosa cells, surrounded by the outer basal lamina layer.

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3
Q

What are the three layers of primary follicles?

A
  1. Primary oocyte in centre
  2. Zona pellucida
  3. Cuboidal shaped granulosa cells
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4
Q

What do granulosa cells secrete? (2)

A
  1. Material that becomes zona pellucida

2. Oestrogen

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5
Q

What is the name of the further surrounding layer that primary follicles develop as they grow?

A

Theca folliculi.

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6
Q

What is the inner layer of the theca folliculi called?

A

Theca interna.

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7
Q

What does the theca interna secrete?

A

Androgen hormones.

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8
Q

What is the outer layer of the theca folliculi called?

A

Theca externa.

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9
Q

What is the theca externa made up of?

A

Connective tissue cells containing smooth muscle and collagen.

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10
Q

What happens when primary follicles become secondary follicles? (2)

A
  1. Grow larger and develop small fluid-filled gaps between the granulosa cells.
  2. Develop FSH receptors
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11
Q

What happens to create antral follicles?

A

Secondary follicles develop a single large fluid-filled area within the granulosa cells.

Follicles expand rapidly.

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12
Q

What is the corona radiata in antral follicles?

A

Corona radiata is made of granulosa cells and surrounds the zona pellucida and oocyte.

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13
Q

What happens when there is a surge in LH from the pituitary? (2)

A
  1. Smooth muscle of the theca externa squeeze, and follicle bursts
  2. Follicular cells release digestive enzymes which puncture hole in wall of ovary.
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14
Q

Describe the location of the ovum immediately after it is released from the ovary.

A

Floating in peritoneal cavity but is quickly swept up by fimbriae of fallopian tubes.

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15
Q

In the corpus luteum, what do the granulosa and theca interna cells become?

A

Luteal cells

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16
Q

What do luteal cells secrete?

A

Steroid hormones (mainly progesterone).

17
Q

How long after a failed fertilisation attempt does the corpus luteum degenerate?

A

10-14 days

18
Q

When does the primary oocyte undergo meiosis?

A

Around time of ovulation.

19
Q

Describe what happens when the primary oocyte undergoes meiosis.

A

Cell splits from diploid to haploid and the other 23 chromosomes float off to the side and becomes the first polar body.

20
Q

When does a primary oocyte become a secondary oocyte?

A

When it undergoes meiosis

21
Q

When does the second polar body form?

A

When a sperm enters the egg, the 23 chromosomes of the egg multiply into two sets. One set of 23 chromosomes combine with the 23 chromosomes from the sperm to form a diploid set of 46 chromosomes, and the other set of 23 chromosomes float off to the side and create the second polar body.

22
Q

What does the combination of the 23 chromosomes from the egg and the 23 chromosomes from the sperm form?

A

Zygote

23
Q

What does the zygote form after it divides rapidly?

A

Morula

24
Q

Where does the morula form?

A

As the mass of cells travels along the fallopian tube.

25
Q

What does the morula become when a fluid-filled cavity gathers within the group of cells as it travels along the fallopian tube?

A

Blastocyst.

26
Q

What is a blastocyst composed of?

A

Embryoblast and fluid-filled cavity called blastocele.

Surrounding these is outer layer called trophoblast.

27
Q

How many cells does the blastocyst contain when it enters the uterus?

A

100-150

28
Q

How many days after ovulation does the blastocyst arrive at the uterus?

A

8-10 days after ovulation.

29
Q

What is the outer layer of the tropholast called?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

30
Q

What does the syncytiotrophoblast do?

A

Forms projections into the stroma of the endometrium, the cells mix and so blastocyst is attached.

31
Q

What do the cells of the stroma convert into when the blastocyst attaches.

A

Decidua that is specialised in providing nutrients to the trophoblast.

32
Q

What produces HCG?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

Reproductive System (7 decks)

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