Overweight And Obesity ✅

Question 1

What is used as a proxy measurement for fatness?

Answer 1

BMI

Question 2

What is the limitation of using BMI as a measurement for fatness?

Answer 2

Adverse heatlh effects of being overewight or obese are thought to arise from excess adiposity, rather than alterations in lean mass

Question 3

Why is BMI used as a proxy measurement for fatness rather than measuring excess adiposity?

Answer 3

It is difficult to measure fatness accurately at an individual level

Question 4

What BMI is considered overweight in adults?

Answer 4

25

Question 5

What BMI is considered obese in adults?

Answer 5

30

Question 6

What are the BMI cutoffs used to describe overweight/obese in adults based on?

Answer 6

Health risks such as the development of T2DM

Question 7

Why are BMI cutoffs to define overweight/obesity not used in children?

Answer 7

They manifest fewer immediate health complications, and so any cutoff is arbitary

Question 8

How are overweight and obesity defined in children?

Answer 8

• Defined BMI centiles based on local reference data

- Use International Obesity Task Force BMI cut-offs

Question 9

What is the aim of defining obesity in terms of BMI centiles using local reference data?

Answer 9

Identify extremes within the population

Question 10

What is ‘overweight’ defined as with reference to BMI centiles using local reference data?

Answer 10

BMI >91st centile

Question 11

What is ‘obese’ defined as with reference to BMI centiles using local reference data?

Answer 11

BMI >98th centile

Question 12

When is the approach of defining overweight and obesity using the International Obesity Task Force BMI cutoffs frequently used?

Answer 12

• Research

- When making comparisons between countries

Question 13

How were the International Obesity Task Force BMI cut-offs generated?

Answer 13

Using reference data from >190,000 children from 6 countries, age and sex specific cut-off points for BMI were defined from ages 2-18 using dataset-specific centiles linked to adult BMI cut off points

Question 14

From a simplistic point of view, what does excess weight gain result from?

Answer 14

Imbalance of energy intake and expenditure

Question 15

What is the limitation of considering excess weight gain to occur when there is an imbalance of emergy intake and expenditure?

Answer 15

Extremely difficult in practice, cannot rely simply on improving nutrition given multifactorial nature of eating behaviour and lifestyle

Question 16

What does the prevention and treatment of obesity require?

Answer 16

Multi-component interventions

Question 17

What do multi-component interventions to prevent and treat obesity need to address?

Answer 17

• Nutrition
• Diet
• Activity
• Lifestyle

Question 18

Who needs to be involved in interventions to prevent and treat obesity in children?

Answer 18

The whole family

Question 19

Are programmes for preventing and treating obesity?

Answer 19

Most work in short term, but lack of evidence for sustained effort beyond period of intervention

Question 20

Why is it difficult for programmes aiming to prevent and treat obesity to achieve sustained improvement?

Answer 20

Doesn’t address the availability of unhealthy food or increasingly obesogenic environment found in countries such as UK

Question 21

What is required to manage the wider environment to prevent and treat obesity?

Answer 21

Intervention at population level