Overview of the development of the Nervous System

Question 1

What structures does the pros encephalic vesicle give rise to?

Answer 1

The prosencephalon segments into three vesicles, the paired telencephalic vesicles and the diencephalic vesicle. The telencephalic vesicles give rise to the cerebral hemispheres with lateral ventricles (the lumen). The diencephalic vesicle gives rise to the thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, and epithalamus, and its lumen becomes the third ventricle.

Question 2

What structures does the mesencephalic vesicle give rise to?

Answer 2

The mesencephalic vesicle does not divide any further. It directly turns into the mesencephalon or midbrain. Its lumen becomes the Aqueduct of Sylvius

Question 3

What structures does the rhombencephalic vesicle give rise to?

Answer 3

The rhombencephalic vesicle divides into the cranial metencephalon and caudal myencephalon. The metencephalon gives rise to the pons and cerebellum. The myencephalon gives rise to the medulla. The lumen of the rhombencephalon becomes the fourth ventricle.

Question 4

How do the brain cell differentiate during early embryologic stages?

Answer 4

Morphogen gradients develop along the dorsal-ventral and rostral-caudal axes.

Question 5

What are the three primary cerebral vesicles?

Answer 5

The prosencephalic, mesencephalic, and rhombencephalic vesicles.