Overview of the Dentitions Flashcards
heterodont
having teeth that are different classes/types
homodont
having teeth that are anatomically the same
monophyodont
one set of teeth in a lifetime
diphyodonts
two sets of teeth in a lifetime
polyphyodonts
endless succession of teeth
oral cavity
lined with mucous membrane tissue
two major areas: vestibule and oral cavity proper
vestibule
space between teeth and inner mucosal lining of the cheeks and lips, bounded by lips and cheeks and gums and teeth
oral cavity proper
space contained within the upper and lower dental arches, bounded by palate and floor of mouth
maxillary arch
fixed, immoveable, part of skull
mandibular arch
moveable via temporomandibular joint
quadrants
quadrant 1: right maxillary quadrant
quadrant 2: left maxillary quadrant
quadrant 3: left mandibular quadrant
quadrant 4: right mandibular quadrant
anterior vs posterior teeth
canines and incisors are anterior teeth
premolars and molars are posterior teeth
sextants
S1- maxillary right posterior
S2- maxillary anterior
S3- maxillary left posterior
S4- mandibular left posterior
S5- mandibular anterior
S6- mandibular right posterior
primary dentition
temporary, deciduous/baby, 20 teeth
secondary dentition
permanent, adult, 32 teeth
mixed dentition
mix of primary and secondary teeth
when does the primary dentition period start
eruption of primary mand central incisor
~6 months-6 years
when does the mixed dentition period start
eruption of perm mand first molar
~6 years-12 years
when does the permanent dentition period start
shedding of last primary tooth
after ~12 years
succedaneous teeth
permanent teeth that succeed or replace primary teeth (5 in each quadrant: central, lateral, canine, and 2 premolars)
nonsuccedaneous teeth
permanent teeth that do not replace any teeth in the primary dentition (the three permanent molars)
succedaneous teeth are replaced by
20 deciduous teeth replaced by 20 permanent teeth
2 deciduous incisors replaced by 2 permanent incisors
1 deciduous canine replaced by 1 permanent canine
2 deciduous molars replaced by 2 premolars
3 permanent molars are not succedaneous
dentition
natural teeth in the jawbones
midline
midsagittal plane; median, center of the arch
arches
maxillary and mandibular
quadrant
2 per arch = 4 total
sextants
3 per arch = 6 total
alveolar process
bony extension for both maxilla and mandible that contains each tooth socket
alveolus
bony socket for roots of tooth/teeth
held in the alveolar process with the periodontal ligament
gingiva
ends where pale pink ends and becomes darker
gums
external portion of the periodontium
periodontal ligament
joins the cementum to the alveolar bone
anteriors
central incisors, lateral incisors, canines
posteriors
premolars (bicuspids), molars
form and function of teeth
mastication, esthetics, phonetics
mastication
biting and cutting, piercing and tearing, grinding
incisors
single rooted with an incisal edge, front of mouth, cut food without heavy force, central and lateral
canines
cuspids, corners of each arch, cutting and tearing food, requires force, one canine per quad in each primary and secondary dentition
premolars
cross between canines and molars, tear and hold food, broader surface for grinding food, two sets on permanent dentition, no premolars in primary dentition
molars
larger than premolars, more cusps, chewing/grinding, two sets in the primary dentition; 3 sets in the secondary
teeth protect and preserve the _______
periodontium
teeth provide a ______ for food
pathway
incisors shape
labial/lingual: trapezoid
proximal: triangle
canines shape
labial/lingual: pentagon
proximal: triangle
premolars shape
buccal/lingual: pentagon
proximal: trapezoid (Max), rhomboid (Mand)
molars shape
buccal/lingual: trapezoid
proximal: trapezoid (Max), rhomboid (Mand)
anatomical crown
part of the tooth that is usually covered by enamel
clinical crown
the part of the tooth that projects/is visible above the gum
anatomical vs clinical crown
clinical crown is part of the anatomical crown that is visible and not covered by gingiva
root
anatomical root: part of the tooth that is covered with cementum and is found below the CEJ
clinical root: anatomical root covered by gingival tissue (not visible in the mouth)
cementoenamel junction (CEJ)
line around perimeter of tooth where the enamel covering the crown of the tooth meets the cementum covering the root
debridement:
sensitivity, distinguish CEJ from hard deposit
dentin
hard, calcified tissue covered by enamel and/or cementum
largest
harder than bone, softer than enamel
dentino-enamel junction
boundary between the enamel and the underlying dentin
pulp cavity/space
center of the tooth; entire space that is occupied by the pulp
most vital, living tissue
blood vessels and nerves
consists of: chamber, canal, horn
DAQT system
D- Dentition
A-Arch
Q-Quadrant
T-Tooth
palmer system
consists of a symbol designating the quadrant of the tooth and a number indicating the position from the midline
adult teeth 1–>8
primary teeth A–>E
universal system
permanent teeth numbered 1–>32
primary teeth A–>T
count continues from quad 1–>2 then drops to quad 3
international standards organization (ISO) system
by WHO, based on FDI
two-digit numbering system… first number is quadrant (#1-2-3-4), second number is the tooth from the midline of the face (#1-#8)
primary teeth first number is quadrant (#5-6-7-8), second number is tooth from midline (#1-#5)
iso system for sextants
starts upper right posterior then moves anterior to upper left posterior then lower left posterior and around
03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08
most dental professionals will refer to the sextants numerically as the following
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
upper right to upper left to lower left to lower right
