Overview of the CVS Flashcards
What is transported by the CVS?
O2 and CO2 Nutrients Metabolites Hormones Heat
“Most vascular beds are in parallel”
What are the benefits of this?
all tissues get oxygenated blood
allows regional redirection of blood
What vascular beds are not in parallel and why?
Gut to Liver (nutrients)
Hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland (hormones n shit)
- These organs work together and thus must be directly linked
Generally, the amount of blood going to a certain organ matches the oxygen consumption of that organ
However, what are the exceptions to this?
Kidneys - high blood flow, low oxygen consumption
Heart - low blood flow, high oxygen consumption
Skin - high blood flow, low oxygen consumption
What allows redirection of the flow of blood?
Arterioles
smooth muscle in walls
How does the aorta differ from other arteries?
Aorta is elastic
Other Arteries are inelastic
Why is the aorta elastic?
Stretches with heart pumps
To dampen the variations in pressure
Basically smooths the flow of blood
Describe the properties of muscular arteries?
Wide lumen
Strong, inelastic wall
Low resistance conduit
What vessels act as resistance vessels?
Arterioles
What are the properties of arterioles?
Narrow lumen
Thick, contractile wall
Smooth muscle allows control of resistance and thus flow
Enables redirection
What are the exchange vessels?
Capillaries
What are the properties of capillaries?
Very narrow lumen
Very thin wall
What are the capacitance vessels?
Venules and veins
What are the properties of venules & veins?
Wide lumen
Distensible wall
Low resistance
Acts as reservoir
Allows fractional distribution of blood between veins and rest of the circulation
What are the chambers of the heart
Atria L&R
Ventricles L&R
What separates the ventricles?
Intraventricular septum
What is the myocardium?
Muscular tissue of the heart
What vessel leaves the right ventricle?
Pulmonary artery
What vessel goes into the left atrium?
Pulmonary vein
What vessel drains blood from the left ventricle?
Aorta
What vessel(s) leads into the right atrium?
Vena cava
Superior and inferior
What is the purpose of valves
Prevent back flow of blood
What valve guards the flow of oxygenated blood out of the heart?
Aortic valve
In the left ventricle
What valve guards the flow of de-oxygenated blood out of the right ventricle?
Pulmonary valve
Right ventr.
What valve is between the right atrium and ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
What valve is between the left atrium and ventricle?
Mitral valve
What is attached to the valves?
Chordae tendinae
These prevent the valves from blowing out the wrong way
What muscle contracts to prevent the mitral and tricuspid valves from inverting?
Papillary muscle
it pulls on the chordae tendinae
