Overview of the CVS

Question 1

What is transported by the CVS?

Answer 1

O2 and CO2
Nutrients
Metabolites
Hormones
Heat

Question 2

“Most vascular beds are in parallel”

What are the benefits of this?

Answer 2

all tissues get oxygenated blood

allows regional redirection of blood

Question 3

What vascular beds are not in parallel and why?

Answer 3

Gut to Liver (nutrients)

Hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland (hormones n shit)

• These organs work together and thus must be directly linked

Question 4

Generally, the amount of blood going to a certain organ matches the oxygen consumption of that organ

However, what are the exceptions to this?

Answer 4

Kidneys - high blood flow, low oxygen consumption

Heart - low blood flow, high oxygen consumption

Skin - high blood flow, low oxygen consumption

Question 5

What allows redirection of the flow of blood?

Answer 5

Arterioles

smooth muscle in walls

Question 6

How does the aorta differ from other arteries?

Answer 6

Aorta is elastic

Other Arteries are inelastic

Question 7

Why is the aorta elastic?

Answer 7

Stretches with heart pumps

To dampen the variations in pressure

Basically smooths the flow of blood

Question 8

Describe the properties of muscular arteries?

Answer 8

Wide lumen

Strong, inelastic wall

Low resistance conduit

Question 9

What vessels act as resistance vessels?

Answer 9

Arterioles

Question 10

What are the properties of arterioles?

Answer 10

Narrow lumen

Thick, contractile wall

Smooth muscle allows control of resistance and thus flow

Enables redirection

Question 11

What are the exchange vessels?

Answer 11

Capillaries

Question 12

What are the properties of capillaries?

Answer 12

Very narrow lumen

Very thin wall

Question 13

What are the capacitance vessels?

Answer 13

Venules and veins

Question 14

What are the properties of venules & veins?

Answer 14

Wide lumen

Distensible wall

Low resistance

Acts as reservoir

Allows fractional distribution of blood between veins and rest of the circulation

Question 15

What are the chambers of the heart

Answer 15

Atria L&R

Ventricles L&R

Question 16

What separates the ventricles?

Answer 16

Intraventricular septum

Question 17

What is the myocardium?

Answer 17

Muscular tissue of the heart

Question 18

What vessel leaves the right ventricle?

Answer 18

Pulmonary artery

Question 19

What vessel goes into the left atrium?

Answer 19

Pulmonary vein

Question 20

What vessel drains blood from the left ventricle?

Answer 20

Aorta

Question 21

What vessel(s) leads into the right atrium?

Answer 21

Vena cava

Superior and inferior

Question 22

What is the purpose of valves

Answer 22

Prevent back flow of blood

Question 23

What valve guards the flow of oxygenated blood out of the heart?

Answer 23

Aortic valve

In the left ventricle

Question 24

What valve guards the flow of de-oxygenated blood out of the right ventricle?

Answer 24

Pulmonary valve

Right ventr.

Question 25

What valve is between the right atrium and ventricle?

Answer 25

Tricuspid valve

Question 26

What valve is between the left atrium and ventricle?

Answer 26

Mitral valve

Question 27

What is attached to the valves?

Answer 27

Chordae tendinae

These prevent the valves from blowing out the wrong way

Question 28

What muscle contracts to prevent the mitral and tricuspid valves from inverting?

Answer 28

Papillary muscle

it pulls on the chordae tendinae