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Motor Speech Disorders > Overview of MSD Ch1 > Flashcards

Overview of MSD Ch1 Flashcards

1
Q

apraxia is related to…

A

groping

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2
Q

dysarthria is related to…

A

weakness

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3
Q

motor speech disorders

A
  • results from damage to the nervous system, motor control system, or both
  • includes cranial nerves
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4
Q

MSDs results from damage to the underlying system involved with…

A
  • planning
  • programming and executing speech
  • producing fluent, intelligible speech
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5
Q

MSDs do not result from disorders of language or phonology

A
  • may accompany language disorders or phonological disorders
  • person may have a language disorder + motor speech disorder (2 distinct disorders) or phonological disorder + motor speech disorder
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6
Q

neurology of speech, cognitive linguistic processes

A
  • intent to communicate is coded into words
  • involves cognition and language
  • must be coded into speech, the actual production
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7
Q

neuromuscular execution

A
  • selection, sequencing, regulation of sensori-motor programs
  • programs activate speech muscles and neurons at appropriate times, durations, and intensities
  • allows for motor speech planning, programming, and control
  • central and peripheral nervous system must combine
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8
Q

these executive motor speech programs by innervating

A
  • breathing muscles
  • phonatory muscles
  • resonatory muscles
  • articulatory muscles
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9
Q

respiration

A
  • the foundation for speech
  • inhalation/exhalation
  • disorders of breathing impact speech
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10
Q

we speak during which phase of respiration?

A

exhalation

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11
Q

phonation

A
  • actual production of speech sound
  • sound at its source, vocal folds and air puff from lungs
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12
Q

resonance

A
  • change in speech signal as it travels through
  • pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity
  • size and shape of each structure impacts quality of sound
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13
Q

articulation

A

movement of articulators to produce the smooth coordinates movements needed fro speech sound production

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14
Q

speech motor control

A
  • requires rapid coordination across a wide range of muscle groups
  • brain programs the sequence of movements as a single unit
  • articulation highly coordinated and overlapping movements
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15
Q

MSDs can occur if

A
  • brain cannot group and sequence relevant muscles to plan or program a movement
  • brain may be sending the wrong plan or program
  • deficits or inefficiencies in basic phonological or movement characteristics of muscles
  • brain damage can impact planning, coordination, timing, and/or execution
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16
Q

MSDs can be seen in children or adults

A
  • CAS or AOS
  • childhood dysarthria
  • anoxia, cerebral palsy
  • strokes
  • TBI
  • neurological disorders
17
Q

apraxia of speech and acquired apraxia of speech

A

disturbance to brain circuits devoted to the programming or articulatory movements are impaired

18
Q

dysarthria and dysarthria in adults

A

disturbances in motor control due to damage to the central or peripheral nervous system (e.g., some degree of weakness, slowness, incoordination, or altered muscle tone)

19
Q

categorizing MSDs

A
  • age of onset
  • can be congenital or acquired
  • if acquired, usually clear onset, not always with progressive neurological problems
  • course of the disorder
  • congenital (e.g., anoxia or cerebral palsy)
  • chronic or stationary (stroke patient plateus or adult with cerebral palsy)
  • improving (e.g., following stroke or TBI)
  • progressive or degenerative (ALS or Parkinson’s)
  • exacerbating-remitting (e.g., MS)
20
Q

site of lesions for MSDs could be

A
  • neuromuscular junction
  • peripheral or cranial nerves
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • basal ganglia
  • pyramidal or extrapyramidal pathways
  • cortex
21
Q

the motor system, purpose of knowing site of lesion

A
  • neurological diagnosis
  • gives you an idea of what to expect with speech
  • if site of lesion does not jive with diagnosis, take careful notes and let neurologist know
22
Q

neurological diagnosis

A
  • degenerative
  • inflammatory
  • toxic-metabolic
  • neoplastic (abnormal cells)
  • traumatic
  • vascular
23
Q

type of MSD can help confirm

A

neurologic diagnosis

24
Q

Parkinson’s disease generally results in

A

hypokinetic dysarthria

25
Q

myasthenia gravis results in

A

flaccid dysarthria

26
Q

if not typical type for etiology

A

suspect incomplete or inaccurate diagnosis

27
Q

apraxia comes from damage to which hemisphere?

A

left hemisphere

28
Q

what percent of MSDs are apraxia?

A

8%

29
Q

flaccid dysarthria

A
  • lower motor neuron
  • problems with executing the movement
  • caused by weakness
30
Q

spastic dysarthria

A
  • bilateral upper motor neuron problems
  • issues with execution of the movement
  • spasticity is the neuromotor basis
31
Q

ataxic dysarthria

A
  • problems originate in the cerebellum
  • causes issues with “control”
  • difficulty modulating motor programming activities
  • movement is uncoordinated
32
Q

hypokinetic dysarthria

A
  • problem arises in the basal ganglia (extrapyramidal)
  • issues with “control”
  • resultant problems are from rigidity, reduced range of movement
33
Q

hyperkinetic dysarthria

A
  • problem arises in basal ganglia (extrapyramidal)
  • issues with “control”
  • involuntary movements occur
34
Q

unilateral upper motor neuron

A
  • site of lesion is the upper motor neurons on 1 side
  • problems with execution/control
  • causes upper motor neuron weakness, incoordination, or spasticity
35
Q

mixed dysarthria

A
  • more than 1 site of lesion
  • more than 1 type

Motor Speech Disorders (2 decks)

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