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Management of MS Disorders > Overview of MS > Flashcards

Overview of MS Flashcards

1
Q

The probability of the target condition being present before the results of a diagnostic test are available is described as

a. pretest probability
b. posttest probability
c. test threshold
d. treatment threshold

A

pretest probability

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2
Q

The probability of the target condition being present after the results of a diagnostic test are available is described as

a. pretest probability
b. posttest probability
c. test threshold
d. treatment threshold

A

posttest probability

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3
Q

The probability above which a clinician dismisses a diagnosis and orders no further tests

a. pretest probability
b. posttest probability
c. test threshold
d. treatment threshold

A

test threshold

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4
Q

The probability above which a clinician would consider a diagnosis confirmed and would STOP testing and initiate treatment

a. pretest probability
b. posttest probability
c. test threshold
d. treatment threshold

A

treatment threshold

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5
Q

If the pretest probability is high enough to test for, but not at the treatment threshold, testing will be best if the test moves the probability across either __

A

threshold

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6
Q

the more possible adverse effects of treatment, the _ treatment threshold should be set

A

higher

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7
Q

Diagnostic test positive and reference standard positive

a. true positive
b. false positive
c. false negative
d. true negative

A

true positive

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8
Q

Diagnostic test positive and reference standard negative

a. true positive
b. false positive
c. false negative
d. true negative

A

false positive

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9
Q

Diagnostic test negative and reference standard positive

a. true positive
b. false positive
c. false negative
d. true negative

A

false negative

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10
Q

Diagnostic test negative and reference standard negative

a. true positive
b. false positive
c. false negative
d. true negative

A

true negative

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11
Q

The true positive rate is described as

a. sensitivity
b. specificity
c. likelihood ratio
d. none of the above

A

sensitivity

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12
Q

The true negative rate is described as which of the following?

a. sensitivity
b. specificity
c. likelihood ratio
d. none of the above

A

specificity

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13
Q

Which of the following is described as the proportion of patients with the condition who have a positive test result?

a. sensitivity
b. specificity
c. likelihood ratio
d. none of the above

A

sensitivity

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14
Q

A diagnostic test that has high _ will have few false negatives and will rule out the condition

a. sensitivity
b. specificity
c. likelihood ratio
d. none of the above

A

sensitivity

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15
Q

Which of the following is described as the proportion of patients without the condition who have a negative test result?

a. sensitivity
b. specificity
c. likelihood ratio
d. none of the above

A

specificity

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16
Q

A diagnostic test with high _ will have few false positives and a positive test will rule in the condition

a. sensitivity
b. specificity
c. likelihood ratio
d. none of the above

A

specificity

17
Q

Sensitivity- proportion of patients (with/without) the condition who have a (positive/negative) test result

A

with

positive

18
Q

Specificity- proportion of patients (with/without) the condition who have a (positive/negative) test result

A

without

negative

19
Q

Sensitivity- tests with high specificity have few false (positives/negatives) –> therefore, a (positive/negative) result (rules out/rules in) the condition

A

negative
negative
rule out

20
Q

Specificity- tests with high specificity have few false (positives/negatives) –> therefore, a (positive/negative) result (rules out/rules in) the condition

A

positive
positive
rules in

21
Q

Which of the following is the best statistic for evaluating the usefulness of a diagnostic test?

a. thresholds
b. sensitivity
c. specificity
d. likelihood ratios

A

likelihood ratios

22
Q

A patient presents with a disproportionate, non-mechanical, unpredictable pattern of pain provocation in response to multiple aggravating and easing factors, what type of pain is this classified as?

a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain

A

central sensitization

23
Q

A patient presents with disproportionate pain and a strong association with poor self-efficacy, what type of pain would you classify this as?

a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain

A

central sensitization

24
Q

A patient presents with diffuse areas of pain, tenderness on palpation, and non-specific aggravating/easing factors, what type of pain should this be classified as?

a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain

A

central sensitization

25
Q

A patient presents with pain referred in a dermatomal distribution and a history of nerve injury, what type of pain would this be classified under?

a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain

A

peripheral neuropathic pain

26
Q

A patient presents with a history of nerve pathology or potential mechanical compromise and pain are provoked with movement tests that load the neural tissue, what type of pain can this be classified as?

a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain

A

peripheral neuropathic pain

27
Q

A patient comes to your clinic with symptoms of cutaneous distribution and pain with compression of neural tissue, what type of pain can this be classified as?

a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain

A

peripheral neuropathic pain

28
Q

What is the strongest predictor of peripheral neuropathic pain?

a. history of nerve injury
b. pain with loading neural tissue
c. symptoms with movement testing that compresses neural tissue
d. pain referred in a dermatomal or cutaneous distribution

A

pain referred in a dermatomal or cutaneous distribution

29
Q

What is the strongest predictor of central sensitization pain?

a. strong psychosocial factors (negative emotions, poor self-efficacy)
b. pain or tenderness on palpation
c. disproportionate and unpredictable pattern of pain provocation in response to non-specific aggs/eas factors
d. pain disproportionate to the nature of the injury

A

disproportionate and unpredictable pattern of pain provocation in response to non-specific aggs/eas factors

30
Q

A patient presents with a clear proportionate anatomical nature to aggravating and easing factors and pain is localized, what type of pain would you consider this?

a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain

A

nociceptive pain

31
Q

A patient presents with localized pain, intermittent and sharp pain with movement provocation, what type of pain would you classify this as?

a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain

A

nociceptive pain

32
Q

A patient is showing with a constant dull ache or throb at rest and does not have night pain or disturbed sleep, what type of pain should you classify this as?

a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain

A

nociceptive pain

33
Q

A patient shows with localized pain that is a sharp pain with movement and a dull ache at rest, what type of pain would you consider this?

a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain

A

nociceptive pain

34
Q

A patient presents to you with localized throbbing pain at rest, no pain at night and an absence of any burning or shooting pain, what would you classify their pain as?

a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain

A

nociceptive pain

35
Q

Nociceptive pain is the absence of which of the following?

a. heaviness, night pain and a dull ache at rest
b. disturbed sleep, antalgic movement patterns and a constant ache at rest
c. pain in association with other dysesthesias, night pain or disturbed sleep, antalgic postures and pain described as burning, shooting, or sharp
d. pain in association with other dysesthesias, pain described as electric-shock-like and clear proporotoniate easing factors

A

pain in association with other dysesthesias (crawling, electrical, heaviness)
night pain/disturbed sleep
antalgic (pain relieving) postures/movement patterns
pain variously described as burning, shooting, sharp or electric-shock-like

36
Q

What is the strongest predictor of nociceptive pain?

a. clear proportionate mechancial/anatomical nature to aggravating and easing factors
b. pain localized to the area of injury/dysfunction
c. sharp pain with movement provocation
d. night pain or disturbed sleep

A

pain localized to the area of injury/dysfunction

37
Q

Tests that are highly (specific/sensitive) are good for screening

A

sensitive

38
Q

Tests that are highly (specific/sensitive) are good for diagnosing

A

specific

Management of MS Disorders (18 decks)

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