Overview of MS Flashcards
The probability of the target condition being present before the results of a diagnostic test are available is described as
a. pretest probability
b. posttest probability
c. test threshold
d. treatment threshold
pretest probability
The probability of the target condition being present after the results of a diagnostic test are available is described as
a. pretest probability
b. posttest probability
c. test threshold
d. treatment threshold
posttest probability
The probability above which a clinician dismisses a diagnosis and orders no further tests
a. pretest probability
b. posttest probability
c. test threshold
d. treatment threshold
test threshold
The probability above which a clinician would consider a diagnosis confirmed and would STOP testing and initiate treatment
a. pretest probability
b. posttest probability
c. test threshold
d. treatment threshold
treatment threshold
If the pretest probability is high enough to test for, but not at the treatment threshold, testing will be best if the test moves the probability across either __
threshold
the more possible adverse effects of treatment, the _ treatment threshold should be set
higher
Diagnostic test positive and reference standard positive
a. true positive
b. false positive
c. false negative
d. true negative
true positive
Diagnostic test positive and reference standard negative
a. true positive
b. false positive
c. false negative
d. true negative
false positive
Diagnostic test negative and reference standard positive
a. true positive
b. false positive
c. false negative
d. true negative
false negative
Diagnostic test negative and reference standard negative
a. true positive
b. false positive
c. false negative
d. true negative
true negative
The true positive rate is described as
a. sensitivity
b. specificity
c. likelihood ratio
d. none of the above
sensitivity
The true negative rate is described as which of the following?
a. sensitivity
b. specificity
c. likelihood ratio
d. none of the above
specificity
Which of the following is described as the proportion of patients with the condition who have a positive test result?
a. sensitivity
b. specificity
c. likelihood ratio
d. none of the above
sensitivity
A diagnostic test that has high _ will have few false negatives and will rule out the condition
a. sensitivity
b. specificity
c. likelihood ratio
d. none of the above
sensitivity
Which of the following is described as the proportion of patients without the condition who have a negative test result?
a. sensitivity
b. specificity
c. likelihood ratio
d. none of the above
specificity
A diagnostic test with high _ will have few false positives and a positive test will rule in the condition
a. sensitivity
b. specificity
c. likelihood ratio
d. none of the above
specificity
Sensitivity- proportion of patients (with/without) the condition who have a (positive/negative) test result
with
positive
Specificity- proportion of patients (with/without) the condition who have a (positive/negative) test result
without
negative
Sensitivity- tests with high specificity have few false (positives/negatives) –> therefore, a (positive/negative) result (rules out/rules in) the condition
negative
negative
rule out
Specificity- tests with high specificity have few false (positives/negatives) –> therefore, a (positive/negative) result (rules out/rules in) the condition
positive
positive
rules in
Which of the following is the best statistic for evaluating the usefulness of a diagnostic test?
a. thresholds
b. sensitivity
c. specificity
d. likelihood ratios
likelihood ratios
A patient presents with a disproportionate, non-mechanical, unpredictable pattern of pain provocation in response to multiple aggravating and easing factors, what type of pain is this classified as?
a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain
central sensitization
A patient presents with disproportionate pain and a strong association with poor self-efficacy, what type of pain would you classify this as?
a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain
central sensitization
A patient presents with diffuse areas of pain, tenderness on palpation, and non-specific aggravating/easing factors, what type of pain should this be classified as?
a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain
central sensitization
A patient presents with pain referred in a dermatomal distribution and a history of nerve injury, what type of pain would this be classified under?
a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain
peripheral neuropathic pain
A patient presents with a history of nerve pathology or potential mechanical compromise and pain are provoked with movement tests that load the neural tissue, what type of pain can this be classified as?
a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain
peripheral neuropathic pain
A patient comes to your clinic with symptoms of cutaneous distribution and pain with compression of neural tissue, what type of pain can this be classified as?
a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain
peripheral neuropathic pain
What is the strongest predictor of peripheral neuropathic pain?
a. history of nerve injury
b. pain with loading neural tissue
c. symptoms with movement testing that compresses neural tissue
d. pain referred in a dermatomal or cutaneous distribution
pain referred in a dermatomal or cutaneous distribution
What is the strongest predictor of central sensitization pain?
a. strong psychosocial factors (negative emotions, poor self-efficacy)
b. pain or tenderness on palpation
c. disproportionate and unpredictable pattern of pain provocation in response to non-specific aggs/eas factors
d. pain disproportionate to the nature of the injury
disproportionate and unpredictable pattern of pain provocation in response to non-specific aggs/eas factors
A patient presents with a clear proportionate anatomical nature to aggravating and easing factors and pain is localized, what type of pain would you consider this?
a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain
nociceptive pain
A patient presents with localized pain, intermittent and sharp pain with movement provocation, what type of pain would you classify this as?
a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain
nociceptive pain
A patient is showing with a constant dull ache or throb at rest and does not have night pain or disturbed sleep, what type of pain should you classify this as?
a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain
nociceptive pain
A patient shows with localized pain that is a sharp pain with movement and a dull ache at rest, what type of pain would you consider this?
a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain
nociceptive pain
A patient presents to you with localized throbbing pain at rest, no pain at night and an absence of any burning or shooting pain, what would you classify their pain as?
a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neuropathic pain
c. nociceptive pain
nociceptive pain
Nociceptive pain is the absence of which of the following?
a. heaviness, night pain and a dull ache at rest
b. disturbed sleep, antalgic movement patterns and a constant ache at rest
c. pain in association with other dysesthesias, night pain or disturbed sleep, antalgic postures and pain described as burning, shooting, or sharp
d. pain in association with other dysesthesias, pain described as electric-shock-like and clear proporotoniate easing factors
pain in association with other dysesthesias (crawling, electrical, heaviness)
night pain/disturbed sleep
antalgic (pain relieving) postures/movement patterns
pain variously described as burning, shooting, sharp or electric-shock-like
What is the strongest predictor of nociceptive pain?
a. clear proportionate mechancial/anatomical nature to aggravating and easing factors
b. pain localized to the area of injury/dysfunction
c. sharp pain with movement provocation
d. night pain or disturbed sleep
pain localized to the area of injury/dysfunction
Tests that are highly (specific/sensitive) are good for screening
sensitive
Tests that are highly (specific/sensitive) are good for diagnosing
specific
