Exam 3: Flashcards
If a patient reports of lateral/anterior shoulder pain with overhead activities or demonstrates a painful arc, what would the initial hypothesis be
possible subacromial impingement, tendonitis, bursitis
If a patient reports of instability, apprehension, and pain with activities most often when shoulder is abducted and externally rotated, what would the initial hypothesis be
shoulder instability or possible labral tear if clicking is present
If a patient reports of decreased ROM and pain with resistance, what would the initial hypothesis be
possible rotator cuff or long head of the biceps tendonitis
If a patient reports of pain and weakness with muscle loading, night pain, and they are over 60 years old, what would the initial hypothesis be
possible rotator cuff tear
If a patient reports of poorly located shoulder pain with occasional radiation into elbow, pain that is usually aggravated by movement and relieved by rest, and are younger than 45, what would the initial hypothesis be
adhesive capsulitis
are men or women more prone to adhesive capsulitis
women
If a patient reports of a fall on the shoulder followed by pain over AC joint, what would the initial hypothesis be
possible AC sprain
If a patient reports of upper extremity heaviness or numbness with prolonged postures and when lying on involved side, what would the initial hypothesis be
possible TOS or cervical radiculopathy
Measuring IR using the ____ __ ___ method showed good reliability in one study but not as good in another
behind the back
The should complex is functionally extremely (mobile/limited)
mobile
(mobility/stability) of the shoulder is achieved at the cost of (mobility/stability)
mobility; stability
What are the 5 joints of the shoulder
Glenohumeral Sternoclavicular Acromioclavicular Scapulothoracic Suprahumeral
Which two joints of the shoulder are pseudojoints
scapulothoracic and suprahumeral
The GH joint can be compared to what
a gold ball on a tee
The _____ has the largest ROM and movement in the body
shoulder
What characteristics of the shoulder joint allow it to have the largest ROM and movement in the body
shallow joint
lax joint capsule
limited ligamentous support
What direction does the GH joint face
anterior, lateral, and superior
The glenoid labrum-rim is made of _____ and deepens the socket and increased contact area up to __%
fibrocartilage; 75%
What provides ligamentous stability of the GH joint-anterior and posterior
anterior - GH ligaments
posterior - only joint capsule
How many sections are there of GH ligaments
4
What are the ligaments of the GH joint
superior GHL
middle GHL
inferior GHL
anterior and posterior IGHL
which GH ligament is the mains static stabilizer of the joint
IGHL
What is the open packed position of the GH joint
55 degrees of abduction, 30 degrees of horizontal adduction
What is the closed packed position of the GH joint
end range abduction and ER
What is the capsular pattern of the GH joint
ER>ABD>IR
When the arm is in ____, ligaments are loose; allowing IR and ER
When the arm is ___ ___, the capsule becomes tighter
When the arm is ____ inferior ligamentous tissue becomes tighter, more so with ER
In extreme ____ and ___ ligaments become tight around the joint giving stability
neutral
ER
abducted
abduction and ER
The (closer/further) muscles are aligned to the joint, the better they stabilize
closer
The (rotator cuff/deltoid) pulls the head of the humerus into the fossa
rotator cuff
what is the role of the RC
to pull the head of the humerus into the fossa
The (rotator cuff/deltoid) is a large stabilizing component, regardless of its position of the humerus
deltoid
When is the long head of the biceps most effective as a stabilizer
when the shoulder is extended
When is the long head of the triceps most effective as a stabilizer
when the shoulder is flexed
Which muscles are shoulder stabilizers
RC muscles
Deltoids
Long head of biceps
long head of triceps
What are the RC muscles
supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor long head of biceps subscapularis
Which joint is a synovial and multiaxial
GH joint
which joint is a synovial seller joint
SC joint
What are the ligaments of the SC joint
anterior SC ligament
posterior SC ligament
CC ligament
Interclavicular ligament
Which joint is the fulcrum for shoulder movements
SC joint
Which joint is the only bony attachment of the shoulder girdle to the skeleton
SC joint
What are the motions of the SC joint
elevation/depression
anterior/posterior rotation
protraction/retraction
Which joint is an arthrodial/gliding joint
AC joint
What are the ligaments of the AC joint
coracoclavicular (trapezoid and conoid ligaments)
superior and inferior AC ligaments
What is the function of the SC joint
to be a fulcrum of shoulder movement
What is the function of the AC joint
absorbs impact to shoulder
The ___ joint is linked to all motions of the humerus
AC
The ___ joint links the shoulder girdle to clavicle
AC
What are the motions of the AC joint
protraction/retraction
upward/downward rotation
elevation/depression
How would you describe the stability of the AC joint
weak bony stability
The AC ligament provides (significant/terrible) stability
significant
The AC ligament (can/cannot) resist tension at the joint and it (can/cannot) prevent the clavicle from riding up on the acromion when force is applied from the side
can, cannot
Which ligaments help prevent the clavicle from riding up on the acromion
coracoclavicular and conoid ligament
True or False:
The scapulothoracic joint connects bone to bone and is supported by ligaments
False, it does not connect bone to bone and is supported by muscles, not ligaments
Which two muscles does the scapula rest on
serratus anterior and subscapularis
What are the motions of the ST joint
protraction/abduction
retraction/adduction
downward/upward rotation
depression/elevation
What is the scapulohumeral rhythm
2:1 ratio
out of 15 degrees of abduction, 10 comes from the GH joint and 5 comes from the ST joint
Recent studies have shown that the arm can only move in the first ___ degrees of abduction before the scapula moves. From __-__ degrees, the scapula rotates upward 1 degree for every 2 degrees of abduction
From ___-___ degrees is a 1:1 ratio, then after 150 degrees thoracic SB and/or extension occurs
30
30-90
90-150
Recent studies have shown that the arm can only move in the first 30 degrees of ____ before the scapula moves. From 30-90 degrees, the scapula rotates ____ 1 degree for every 2 degrees of abduction
From 90-150 degrees is a 1:1 ratio, then after 150 degrees thoracic SB and/or (flexion/extension) occurs
abduction
upward
extension
True or False:
It is common to have positive findings of shoulder pathology without any symptoms
true
A study titled “ultrasound of the shoulder: Asymptomatic findings in men” made a conclusion that asymptomatic shoulder abnormalities were found in __% of the subjects. The most common were subacromial bursitis thickening, AC joint OA, and supraspinatus tendinosis
96
