Overview of Global Health Flashcards
What factors determine life expectancy?
Gender
Year of Birth
Mortality or death rate
Life expectancy has increased over the last 50 years in India, Chinam and the USA. Which country has the highest life expectancy?
USA
Drug overdose death rates have increased from 1999 to 2016. Are males or females at a higher risk?
Males
*Approximately 25 per 100,000 deaths
Life extancy at birth, by sex, race and Hispanic orgin in the United States, 1975-2015
Top Ten Countries with Highest Life Expectancy
Overview of life expectancy across the globe
Africa Life Expectancy at Birth
Worldwide the biggest killers are _________.
Noncommunicable diseases
Like: Cardiovascular disease, heart disease and strokes
Cardiovascular disease represents ____ % of the global total deaths
30
In Western countries, _________ is the leading cause of death.
Heart disease
In delevoping countries, ________ are the leading cause of death.
Communicable/infectious disease
Major communicable disease
- HIV/ AIDS
- Tuberculosis
- Malaria
- Ebola
- Diarrheal Diseases
- Respiratory Diseases
- Schistosomiasis, Onchocerciasis, etc
Major non-communicable diseases
- Heart Disease*
- Stroke
- Cancer*
- Diabetes*
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases
- Accidents
NOTE: Diseases with * have 4 modifiable shared risk, which are tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol.
Leading causes of death in 1975 and 2015: United State, 1975-2015
Ten Causes of Death by Gender, USA 2016
Attributable Mortality in 2016
- High blood pressure
- Tobacco use
- High blood glucose
- Physical inactivity
- Overweight and obesity
- High cholesterol
- Unsafe sex
- Alcohol use
- Childhood underweight
- Indoor smoke from solid fuels
What is a modifiable risk factor for chronic respiratory disease?
Tobacco use
Comparison of national health systems
Main causes of death in the USA and AFRICA
Stillbirth
Death in final trimester of gestation
Global still bith rate
19 deaths /1000 births
Which countries have the highest rate of stilbirth?
Pakistan and Nigeria
NOTE: Finland and singapore have the lowest rates. USA has a rate of 3 per/1000 births
What are the most common causes of stillbirths?
- Childbirth complications
- Infections in womb
- Maternal illnesses
- Congenital abnormalities
- Inadequate fetal growth
What are some ways to prevent stillbirths?
- Screening pregnant women for syphilis
- Folic acid supplements before conception
- Insecticide-treated mosquito nets for pregnant women
- Increased caesarian deliveries/ training of surgical technicians
- Antiboiotics for premature rupture of membranes
- Steroids for women in early labor/fetal lung function
- Reduce obesity, smoking, hypertension
Pretem singleton births, by gestational age and race and Hispanic origin of mother