Overview of CBS & Practices related to CB PART 2 Flashcards
are converging as global populations grow more mobile.
Cultures
One aspect does remain static
Childbearing is universal
Dominant Cultural Practices:
Formal prenatal care
Ultrasonography
Hospital delivery
Alternative cultural practices
In-hospital
Free-standing birth centers
spends more on healthcare than any other nation, and more on hospital treatment for mothers than for any other patient population
United states
in the United States also play a role in increased maternal morbidity and maternal mortality, although it is unclear to what extent.
Health disparities
Fertility control and culture
- Unintended pregnancy
- Contraceptive methods
- Refugees and Reproductive Health
- Religion and Fertility Control
- Cultural Influences on Fertility Control
Pregnancy that occurred when no children were desired or that occurred earlier than desired.
Unintended pregnancy
Unintended pregnancy is Highest among teens younger than age
15 yrs
Negative effects of unintended pregnancy on the mother and the fetus, including:
Delay in prenatal care
Cont. Or increased tobacco and other drug use
Increased physical abuse during pregnancy
Prevents pregnancy by avoiding unprotected vaginal sex during most fertile days.
Contraceptive methods
Consideration must also be given to what is influencing unintended pregnancy, which includes:
● Changes in social mores sanctioning motherhood outside of marriage
● Contraception availability including abortion
● Earlier sexual activity
● Multiple partners
are commonly used methods of contraception in the United States.
IUDs
Permanent sterilization
Lesser degree, barrier and natural methods
might affect their use of fertility controls such as abortion or artificial
regulation of conception.
Religious beliefs
might follow church edicts against artificial control of conception
Roman Catholic
might follow their church’s teaching regarding the spiritual responsibility to have large families and promote church growth.
Mormon families
face gender-specific challenges in navigating daily life at every stage of their migration experience.
Refugee women
Women and children account for
approximately..of the worlds refugees
80%
are extremely vulnerable to poor reproductive illness and outcome.
Displaced women
can also be rooted from religious beliefs and this can also influence one’s view with regards to birth control
Cultural practices
number 1 in population
India
Clean. For religious books and eating utensils.
Right hand
Dirty. Used for dirty things
Left hand
Complicates use of contraceptives requiring the use of both hands such as the diaphragm
Hinduism
In many cases, birth control is seen as an act of God.
Hinduism
In their belief, abortion is “haram” unless the mother’s life is in danger
Islam
has a greater significance in islam
Fertility
can be the reason for abandonment or divorce in islam
Sterility
Adoption is forbidden
Islam
Infertility counselling and intervention such as sperm and egg donation (from the couple) meet with religious approval
ORTHODOX JEWISH BELIEFS
Adoption is allowed: last resort
ORTHODOX JEWISH BELIEFS:
Condoms & Birth control pills: acceptable
Orthodox Jewish beliefs
Abortion: not opposed when the pregnancy puts the mother’s life in danger
Orthodox Jewish beliefs
Birth spacing practices
African
Postpartum sexual activity: a taboo
African
Women leave their home for as long as 2 years to avoid pregnancy.
African
“intrinsically evil” in itself, regardless of the consequences.
Contraception in roman catholics
are only permitted to use natural methods of birth control. Abstinence and calendar
Roman Catholic
Contraception is Morally wrong because it prevents conception.
Roman Catholic
The cultural environment continues to…whether through ethnic identification, family consumption
Influence fertility
is viewed as a special transition period in a woman’s life
Pregnancy
The Philippines has approximately… ethnic groups
134
Pregnancy and culture variations
Biological variations
Cultural variations influencing pregnancy
Cultural issues impacting prenatal care
Deals with the genetic and environmental backgrounds of child bearing families.
Biological variations
Diseases that can be inherited through genes of parents.
Biological variations. Sickle cell anemia and diabetes mellitus
Although the dominant cultural expectation for North American women remains motherhood within the context of the
Nuclear family
North American women and couples to delay childbearing until their
late 20s and early 30s and to have small families.
are career oriented, and they may delay childbirth until after they have finished college and established their career
North American women
is often taken for granted in Western culture
Maternal role attainment
6 internal and external factors used to assist in attainment:
- Setting a purpose of raising their babies
- Keeping their HIV status secret
- Maintaining feelings of autonomy and optimism by living as if nothing were wrong (normalization)
- Belief of quality vs. quantity of support from husbands, mothers, or sisters
- Hope for a cure
- Belief - their secret is safe with their health care providers
that has important implications is a woman’s perception of the need for formalized assistance from health care providers during the antepartum period
Cultural variations
is generally perceived as having a curative rather than a preventive focus.
Western medicine
Cultural Beliefs Related to Activity during Pregnancy:
Prescriptive beliefs
Restrictive beliefs
Taboos
Food Taboos and Cravings
phrased positive, describe what should be done to have a healthy baby
Prescriptive beliefs
Prescriptive belief: Remain active during pregnancy to aid the baby’s circulation
Crow Indian
Prescriptive belief: Keep active during pregnancy to ensure a small baby and easy delivery and
Mexican and Cambodian
Prescriptive belief: Remain happy to bring the baby joy and good fortune
Pueblo and Navajo Indian, Mexican, Japanese
Sleep flat on your back to protect the baby
Mexicans
phrased negative, limit choices and behaviors and are practices/ behaviors that the mother should not do in order to have a healthy baby.
Restrictive beliefs
Restrictive beliefs
○ Avoid cold air during pregnancy to prevent physical harm to the fetus (Mexican, Haitian, Asian)
○ Do not reach over your head or the cord will wrap around the baby’s neck (African American, Hispanic, White, Asian)
○ Avoid weddings (Vietnamese)
and funerals
○ Do not continue sexual intercourse or harm will come to you and the baby.
○ (Vietnamese, Filipino, Samoan)
restrictions with supernatural
consequence are practices believed to harm the baby or the mother.
Taboos
Taboos
○ Avoid lunar eclipse and moonlight or the baby might be born with a deformity (Mexican
○ Do not walk on the streets at noon or 5 o’clock because this might make the spirits angry (Vietnamese)
○ Do not join in traditional ceremonies like Yei or Squaw dances or spirits will harm the baby (Navajo Indian)
○ Do not get involved with persons who cast spells or the baby will be eaten in the womb (Haitian)
the craving for and ingestion of nonfood substances such as clay, laundry starch or cornstarch
Pica
Traditional belief in many cultures is that a pregnant woman must be given the food that she smells to eat; otherwise, the fetus will move inside of her and a miscarriage will result
Food Taboos and Cravings
Cultural Issues Impacting Prenatal Care
Cultural Interpretation of Obstetric Testing
Cultural Preparation for Childbirth
